Surat Keterangan Asal (SKA) atau biasa disebut Certificate of Origin (COO) adalah merupakan sertifikasi asal barang, dimana dinyatakan dalam sertifikat tersebut bahwa barang / komoditas yang diekspor adalah berasal dari daerah / negara pengekspor. Show
Mendasari hal ini adalah kesepakatan bilateral, regional, multilateral, unilateral atau karena ketentuan sepihak dari suatu negara pengimpor/ tujuan, yang mewajibkan SKA/COO ini disertakan pada barang ekspor Indonesia. COO / SKA ini yang membuktikan bahwa barang tersebut berasal, dihasilkan dan atau diolah di Indonesia. Ada 2 (dua) Jenis SKA/ COO : 1. SKA Preferensi :Jenis SKA/COO sebagai persyaratan dalam memperoleh preferensi yang disertakan pada barang ekspor tertentu untuk memperoleh fasilitas berupa pembebasan seluruh atau sebagian bea masuk yang diberikan oleh suatu negara/kelompok negara tujuan. 2. SKA Non PreferensiAdalah jenis dokumen SKA yang berfungsi sebagai dokumen pengawasan dan atau dokumen penyerta asal barang ekspor untuk dapat memasuki suatu wilayah negara tertentu
Yth. Dalam rangka mengakomodir pendaftaran Eksportir Teregistrasi bagi perusahaan perseorangan (UD), bersama ini kami sampaikan bahwa pada pendaftaran ER melalui system e-SKA, dipersilahkan untuk perusahaan perseorangan memilih jenis usaha “perseorangan” pada menu header pendaftaran kemudian memasukan nomor NIB dan verifikasi. Mengingat perusahaan perseorangan hanya memunculkan nama pemilik, setelah melakukan verifikasi NIB, perusahaan dapat menginput nama perusahaan secara manual, sesuai dengan unit usaha yang tertera pada NIB. Unit usaha akan divalidasi oleh IPSKA, dan jika terdapat ketidak sesuaian data, IPSKA berhak untuk menolak pendaftaran perusahaan tersebut. Bagi jenis usaha Perusahaan, alur pendaftaran tidak ada perubahan selain penambahan fitur pemilihan Jenis Usaha pada menu header pendaftaran Eksportir Teregistrasi. Demikian, agar menjadi perhatian dan atas kerja samanya disampaikan terima kasih. Direktur Fasilitasi Ekspor dan Impor The Apache HTTP Server, or Apache for short, is a very popular web server, developed by the Apache Software Foundation. This article describes how to set up Apache and how to optionally integrate it with PHP. InstallationInstall the apache package. ConfigurationApache configuration files are located in To start Apache, start Apache should now be running. Test by visiting http://localhost/ in a web browser. It should display a simple index page. For optional further configuration, see the following sections. Advanced optionsSee the full list of Apache configuration directives and the directive quick reference. These options in User httpFor security reasons, as soon as Apache is started by the root user (directly or via startup scripts) it switches to this UID. The default user is http, which is created automatically during installation. Listen 80This is the port Apache will listen to. For Internet-access with router, you have to forward the port.If you want to setup Apache for local development you may want it to be only accessible from your computer. Then change this line to Listen 127.0.0.1:80 .ServerAdminThis is the admin's email address which can be found on e.g. error pages. DocumentRoot "/srv/http"This is the directory where you should put your web pages.Change it, if you want to, but do not forget to also change <Directory "/srv/http"> to whatever you changed your DocumentRoot to, or you will likely get a 403 Error (lack of privileges) when you try to access the new document root. Do not forget to change the Require all denied line to Require all granted , otherwise you will get a 403 Error.
Remember that the DocumentRoot directory and its parent folders must allow execution permission to others (can be set with chmod o+x /path/to/DocumentRoot ), otherwise you will get a 403 Error.AllowOverride NoneThis directive in <Directory> sections causes Apache to completely ignore .htaccess files. Note that this is now the default for Apache 2.4, so you need to explicitly allow overrides if you plan to use .htaccess files. If you intend to use mod_rewrite or other settings in .htaccess files, you can allow
which directives declared in that file can override server configuration. For more info refer to the Apache documentation.Tip: If you have issues with your configuration you can have Apache check the configuration with: More settings can be found in To turn off your server's signature: ServerSignature Off To hide server information like Apache and PHP versions: ServerTokens Prod User directoriesUser directories are available by default through http://localhost/~yourusername/ and show the contents of If you do not want user directories to be available on the web, comment out the following line in Include conf/extra/httpd-userdir.confThe factual accuracy of this article or section is disputed. You must make sure that your home directory permissions are set properly so that Apache can get there. Your home directory and $ chmod o+x ~ $ chmod o+x ~/public_html $ chmod -R o+r ~/public_html Restart TLSFirstly obtain a certificate. If you own a public domain, you can use Transport Layer Security#ACME clients. In LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so LoadModule socache_shmcb_module modules/mod_socache_shmcb.so Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf If using Certbot ( LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so After obtaining a key and certificate, make sure the Finally, restart Virtual hostsNote: You will need to add a separate If you want to have more than one host, uncomment the following line in Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf In To test the virtual hosts on your local machine, add the virtual names to your 127.0.0.1 domainname1.dom 127.0.0.1 domainname2.dom Restart Managing many virtual hostsIf you have a huge amount of virtual hosts, you may want to easily disable and enable them. It is recommended to create one configuration
file per virtual host and store them all in one folder, eg: First create the folder: # mkdir /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts Then place the single configuration files in it: # nano /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts/domainname1.dom # nano /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts/domainname2.dom ... In the last step, #Enabled Vhosts: Include conf/vhosts/domainname1.dom Include conf/vhosts/domainname2.dom You can enable and disable single virtual hosts by commenting or uncommenting them. A very basic vhost file will look like this: /etc/httpd/conf/vhosts/domainname1.dom <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin DocumentRoot "/home/user/http/domainname1.dom" ServerName domainname1.dom ServerAlias domainname1.dom ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/domainname1.dom-error_log" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/domainname1.dom-access_log" common <Directory "/home/user/http/domainname1.dom"> Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerAdmin DocumentRoot "/home/user/http/domainname1.dom" ServerName domainname1.dom:443 ServerAlias domainname1.dom:443 SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile "/etc/httpd/conf/server.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/httpd/conf/server.key" ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/domainname1.dom-error_log" CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/domainname1.dom-access_log" common <Directory "/home/user/http/domainname1.dom"> Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> ExtensionsPHPFirst install PHP, then follow one of the next three subsections below. Finally, test the installation as described in the final subsection. Using libphpThis method is probably the easiest, but is also the least scalable: it is suitable for a light request load. It also requires you to change the mpm module, which may cause problems with other extensions (e.g. it is not compatible with #HTTP/2). Install php7-apache for PHP 7 or php-apache for PHP 8, as appropriate. In #LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so and uncomment the line: LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so Note: The above is required, because Otherwise you will get the following error: Apache is running a threaded MPM, but your PHP Module is not compiled to be threadsafe. You need to recompile PHP. AH00013: Pre-configuration failed httpd.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1 As an alternative, you can use To enable PHP, add these lines to
LoadModule php_module modules/libphp.so AddHandler php-script .php
Include conf/extra/php_module.conf For php7: Include conf/extra/php7_module.conf LoadModule php7_module modules/libphp7.so Restart Using apache2-mpm-worker and mod_fcgidThis method provides improved performance and memory usage when serving multiple requests. Install mod_fcgidAUR and php-cgi. Create the needed directory and symlink it for the PHP wrapper: # mkdir /srv/http/fcgid-bin # ln -s /usr/bin/php-cgi /srv/http/fcgid-bin/php-fcgid-wrapper Create /etc/httpd/conf/extra/php-fcgid.conf # Required modules: fcgid_module <IfModule fcgid_module> AddHandler php-fcgid .php AddType application/x-httpd-php .php Action php-fcgid /fcgid-bin/php-fcgid-wrapper ScriptAlias /fcgid-bin/ /srv/http/fcgid-bin/ SocketPath /var/run/httpd/fcgidsock SharememPath /var/run/httpd/fcgid_shm # If you don't allow bigger requests many applications may fail (such as WordPress login) FcgidMaxRequestLen 536870912 # Path to php.ini – defaults to /etc/phpX/cgi DefaultInitEnv PHPRC=/etc/php/ # Number of PHP childs that will be launched. Leave undefined to let PHP decide. #DefaultInitEnv PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN 3 # Maximum requests before a process is stopped and a new one is launched #DefaultInitEnv PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS 5000 <Location /fcgid-bin/> SetHandler fcgid-script Options +ExecCGI </Location> </IfModule> Edit
Restart Using php-fpm and mod_proxy_fcgiThis method provides "an alternative PHP FastCGI implementation with some additional features (mostly) useful for heavy-loaded sites" [1]. Note: Unlike the widespread setup with ProxyPass, the proxy configuration with SetHandler respects other Apache directives like DirectoryIndex. This ensures a better compatibility with software designed for libphp, mod_fastcgi and mod_fcgid. If you still want to try ProxyPass, experiment with a line like this: ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php(/.*)?)$ unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost/srv/http/$1 Install php-fpm. Enable proxy modules: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so Create DirectoryIndex index.php index.html <FilesMatch \.php$> SetHandler "proxy:unix:/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock|fcgi://localhost/" </FilesMatch> And include it at the bottom of Include conf/extra/php-fpm.conf Note: The pipe between You can configure PHP-FPM in Start and enable Test whether PHP worksTo test whether PHP
was correctly configured, create a file called <?php phpinfo(); ?> Then go to http://localhost/test.php or http://localhost/~<username>/test.php as appropriate. HTTP/2Note:
To enable HTTP/2 over TLS support, uncomment the following line in LoadModule http2_module modules/mod_http2.so And add the following line: Protocols h2 http/1.1 To debug, you can set only the module rather than the entire server to <IfModule http2_module> LogLevel http2:info </IfModule> For more information – including extra HTTP/2 feature settings – see the mod_http2 documentation. Warning: The TroubleshootingApache Status and LogsSee the status of the Apache daemon with systemctl. Apache logs can be found in Error: PID file /run/httpd/httpd.pid not readable (yet?) after startComment out the /run/httpd not being created at bootIf ls -la / chown root:root / Apache is running a threaded MPM, but your PHP Module is not compiled to be threadsafe.If when loading Apache is running a threaded MPM, but your PHP Module is not compiled to be threadsafe. You need to recompile PHP. This is because PHP includes support for a module that is not threadsafe, and you are
trying to use a threaded MPM. One solution to fix this is to use a non-threaded MPM. Try replacing /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so and restart Warning: Some other modules, like the AH00534: httpd: Configuration error: No MPM loaded.You might encounter this error after a recent upgrade. This is only the
result of a recent change in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so and restart AH00072: make_sock: could not bind to addressThis can be caused by multiple things. Most common issue being that something is already listening on a given port, check via ss that this is not happening: # ss -lnp | grep -e :80 -e :443 If you get any output, stop the given service that's taking up the port or kill the runaway process that is causing the port to be bound, and try again. Another issue could be that Apache is not starting as root for some reason - try starting it manually and see if you still get the AH0072 error. # httpd -k start Finally, you can also have an error with your configuration and you are listening twice on the given port. Following is an example of a bad configuration that will trigger this issue: Listen 0.0.0.0:80 Listen [::]:80 AH01071: Got error 'Primary script unknown'This can be caused by Changing the max_execution_time in php.ini has no effectIf you changed the /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ProxyTimeout 300 and restart PHP-FPM: errors are not being logged separately per virtual hostIf you have multiple virtual hosts, it may be desirable to have each of them output their error logs to separate files (using the ErrorLog Apache directive). If this is not working for you, confirm that PHP-FPM is configured to log errors to syslog: /etc/php/php-fpm.conf error_log = syslog It is also possible that the pool configuration is overriding it. Ensure the following line is commented out: /etc/php/php-fpm.d/www.conf ;php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/fpm-php.www.log See also
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