Apa maksud twelvers di syiah

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Marcel Behrens, “Ein Garten des Paradieses”: Die

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Marshall G.S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977)

Martin Kramer, Shi’ism, Resistance and Revolution (London: Mansell [for Tel Aviv University], 1987)

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Muhammad Qasim Zaman, “Sectarianism in Pakistan: The Radicalization of Shi‘i and Sunni Identities,” dalam Modern Asian Studies, vol. 32 (1998), hlm. 689-716.

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Said Amir Arjomand, The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam: Religion, Political Order, and Societal Change in Shi‘ite Iran from the Beginning to 1890 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984)

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Tamir Moustafa, “Conflict and Cooperation Between the State and Religious Institutions in Contemporary Egypt”, dalam International Journal of Middle East Studies, vol. 32, no.1 (2000), hlm. 3-22.

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