EMT CH 8
A patient who has lost one liter of blood is conscious with a patent airway, but her extremities are pale and cold to the touch. Vital signs are as follows: pulse
Increased number of red blood cells and plasma volume
What blood pressure change as most likely to cause left ventricular failure
Chronically elevated diastolic pressure between 120 and 140 mmHg
A chronically elevated aftertoad increases the patient's chance for developing which pathological condition
What is the primary stimulus to breathe in human beings without pulmonary diseases
Which condition must be met for carbon dioxide to move from the cell to the bloodstream
The perfusing blood must be low in carbon dioxide
An unresponsive patient with a pulse is breathing with very shallow respirations at a rate of 6 breaths per minute. Which intervention would be most beneficial for this patient?
Positive pressure ventilation with a rate of 12 breaths/min and a tidal volume of 500 ml
A patient who is hypoxic has a pulmonary disease that involves low lung compliance. With this condition, you realize that:
Ventilation with a bag-valve mask will likely require more effort
Which statement about the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in a healthy person is true
The upper portion of the lungs has wasted ventilation
A patient with a temperature of 105.4 �F is experiencing systemic vasodilation. Which finding would be consistent with this condition
What definition best describes the concept of afterload
Pressure that the left ventricle must pump blood against to open the aortic valve
What is baroreceptors' role in the body
Monitor the blood pressure
A patient is hemorrhaging internally within his colon, which in turn is impairing perfusion to the cells of his body. Aside from the bleeding, the patient has no other problems. In this scenario, the problem impairing adequate perfusion would be:
A young patient is experiencing epiglottitis. He is working hard to breathe, has stridorous respirations, and is extremely hypoxic. His skin is cyanotic and his pulse is rapid but strong. What is the most likely cause (not result) of the poor delivery of
Partial occlusion of the airway
What is the best description of minute ventilation?
Amount of air moved into and out of the lungs in 1 minute
A 100-kilogram patient with a 500-milliliter tidal volume, breathing 16 times each minute, would have a minute ventilation of how many milliliters
A patient's lungs are full of fluid and cannot transfer oxygen to the blood. As a result, she is undergoing anaerobic metabolism. She has a decreased level of consciousness with a patent upper airway and inadequate respirations. Her pulse is rapid and wea
Positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen
A patient with a high fever has an accelerated metabolism and is producing abnormally large amounts of carbon dioxide at the cellular level. To compensate for this effect, what will occur
Increased respiratory rate
Which process of ventilation is correctly adhering to Boyle's law as it relates to ventilation
When the diaphragm contracts, it creates a negative intrathoracic pressure causing air to enter the lungs
What would be a direct result of increasing a patient's preload
For a patient who is acutely bleeding, what is the immediate response of the human body
Vasoconstriction caused by the sympathetic nervous system
The EMT would document an FDO2 level when the patient is
Assisting breathing with a bag-valve-mask device
What is required for normal perfusion to occur
Adequate breathing, sufficient numbers of red blood cells, and sufficient heart function
Which condition is recognized as one that will affect the ventilation component of the ventilation/perfusion ratio
Infection and pus in the distal airways and alveoli
Which blood pressure reading best indicates a narrowed pulse pressure
On scene, a 43-year-old male states that he has a history of liver failure and does not produce enough of the protein albumin. Given this condition, which finding(s) would you expect
Swelling of the extremities and abdomen
Which situation would most likely cause a patient to have a simple episode of syncope (fainting)
Parasympathetic stimulation
You and the critical care transport team are taking a critically ill patient to another hospital. Among many IV infusions and monitors, the patient is also on a ventilator. You note that the FDO2 is set at 0.50. What does this mean
The provided oxygen concentration is set at 50 percent
Assessment of a hypoxic patient who is showing signs of fatigue and has a history of lung disease reveals him to be using well-developed accessory muscles to exhale. As an EMT, you should recognize that the patient
Is using energy to exhale and is in danger of respiratory failure if hypoxia continues
The EMT is administering oxygen at 95% through a nonrebreather face mask. He would document this as a FiO2 of
While completing some clinical time in the hospital for his EMT class, an EMT student observed a patient being administered an IV fluid with a high oncotic pressure. Once this fluid is in the patient's body, the EMT student would expect which action to oc
Fluid from the tissues will move into the bloodstream
You are caring for a 66-year-old male patient who is severely dehydrated. How does severe dehydration affect the cardiovascular system
It decreases the blood volume available for circulation
A patient has a pulmonary condition known as asthma that results in significant bronchoconstriction. If this patient is found to be hypoxic during an asthma attack, which type of disturbance is most likely causing the hypoxia
A patient with a low blood sugar is unresponsive with snoring respirations. His breathing is labored and his pulse is rapid and weak. Examination of the skin reveals it to be cool and diaphoretic. Your partner informs you of the following vital signs: pul
Perform a head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver
What is the primary way in which oxygen is transported to the cells
A patient's SpO2 increased from 89% to 95% after he received a bronchodilating drug for his asthma. Where did the patient's problem most likely originate
Ventilation portion of the V/Q ratio
A patient with a severe infection is very sick. Circulating toxins from bacteria in his blood have decreased his systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Which blood pressure change would the EMT correlate to this condition
Blood pressure of 64/26 mmHg
Which condition would directly compromise the average patient's cardiac output
Heart rate of 190 beats/min
Perfusion is best described as
Delivery of essential products and nutrients to the cell for its use
Which gas law is disrupted when a patient sustains a spinal cord injury resulting in paralysis to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Failure of the sodium-potassium pump can result in
Cellular damage, swelling, and rupture
Which statement is true of a patient who relies on the hypoxic drive to breathe
The respiratory rate is set according to the level of 02 in the body
A patient has sustained a gunshot injury to his right thorax. When you listen to his breath sounds, they are diminished over the right thorax. What is the most logical explanation for this finding
The negative pressure between the pleural linings has been lost, causing the lung tissue to collapse
What is the result of an opening developing that allows air into the space between the visceral and parietal pleura of the thorax
Progressive collapse of the lung
A patient has been shot three times in the abdomen and has massive internal hemorrhage and blood loss. Which treatment will give this patient the best chance at survival
When cells undergo normal metabolism in the body, which byproduct(s) is (are) produced
Heat, carbon dioxide, and water
The patient in anaerobic metabolism is deficient in/of
A patient with asthma is extremely short of breath and hypoxic. Related to the ventilation/perfusion ratio (V/Q), the EMT would recognize the problem as related to
Inadequate oxygen in the alveoli
A patient with cancer is receiving chemotherapy. As a side effect of the treatment, her white blood cell count is critically low. Given this situation, which sign or symptom should the EMT find particularly concerning
Oral temperature of 102.7� F
The EMT would most likely see a narrowed pulse pressure in a patient who
If a patient's blood pressure cannot be increased by adding volume, then which other action would most likely be successful in increasing it
Vasoconstriction of the body's arteries
For cells to undergo the process of aerobic metabolism, the cells require
A patient who is weak informs you that she has a history of her "iron being too low." This should concern the EMT because iron is needed to:
Carry oxygen throughout the body
When a healthy person has a sudden increase in blood pressure, what will occur next
Baroreceptors will signal the brain to decrease the heart rate
Which condition is most likely to cause acidosis?
What happens after a cell in anaerobic metabolism breaks down glucose and creates energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Normal cellular metabolism can be defined as
What is the best description of the ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio
The ability of the body to exchange gases across the alveolar capillary membrane
What situation could impair a patient's respiratory status by directly damaging the central chemoreceptors of the body
Brainstem stroke or injury
What is the protective mechanism underlying a narrowed pulse pressure
Maintain an adequate blood pressure for perfusion
Which condition would most likely account for an elevated CO2 level in a patient's body
A patient has failure of the left side of his heart. Consequently, his blood is backing up into the pulmonary artery and seeping into the lung tissue, causing the patient to be short of breath and moderately hypoxic. The EMT should recognize this conditio
Increased hydrostatic pressure
When a patient has a narrowed pulse pressure, what is occurring
The blood vessels are constricting
What is the actual site of attachment of oxygen in the red blood cell
Iron sites on hemoglobin within the red blood cell
A 35-year-old male patient is lethargic and dehydrated after working at a construction site for 12 hours on a very hot day. You obtain the following vital signs: pulse, 136; respirations, 22 breaths/min; blood pressure, 102/88 mmHg; and SpO2, 100% with su
Elevated heart rate to increase cardiac output
Under normal circumstances, carbon dioxide is excreted from the body through the
A patient has a blood pressure of 140/98 mmHg. What can the EMT ascertain from this reading
The afterload is increased
Which statement about chemoreceptors in the human body is true
The peripheral chemoreceptors are more sensitive to oxygen than carbon dioxide
The body will initially compensate for a decrease in cardiac output by
Increasing systemic vascular resistance
A 20-year-old female patient has called 911 for chest pain. On scene, you find that she has shallow breathing with an SpO2 reading of 91% on room air. She states she was in a car crash yesterday and diagnosed in the hospital with broken ribs. Her pain is
Pain from rib injury prevents full expansion of the chest cage
A patient with liver disease has a low platelet count. Which additional finding would the EMT directly correlate to this condition
Excessive bruising to arms
A patient with high blood pressure takes a medication to slow his heart rate, thereby lowering his blood pressure. The EMT would recognize this action as impacting
For a patient breathing in room air, the EMT would estimate the FiO2 to be
A confused and lethargic 24-year-old male patient has intentionally overdosed on a narcotic medication. His vital signs are as follows: pulse, 36; respirations, 1 o breaths/min; blood pressure, 50/20 mm Hg; and SpO2, 88% with 15 liters per minute of oxyge
Decreased cellular perfusion
What is the best way to decrease a patient's afterload
Reduce the blood pressure
A drop in blood pressure below a critical threshold is a threat to the body because it directly impairs |
What would be a direct result of increasing a patients preload
Pos Terkait
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