Blow your nose gently. Show
Wash your hands thoroughly with soap & water.
Check the dropper tip to make sure that it is not chipped or cracked.
Avoid touching the dropper tip against your clean nose.
Tilt your head as far back as possible, or lie down on your back on a flat surface (such as a bed) and hang your head over the edge.
Place the correct number of drops into your nose.
Remain in this position for a few minutes.
Clean the dropper tip with warm water. Cap the bottle right away.
Wash your hands to remove any medication.
When used correctly, nasal sprays can offer effective relief of allergy symptoms or other conditions, depending on the type of spray being used. However, it is important that patients are clear about the way in which the spray should be used. This helps in both increasing the efficacy of the medication and reducing the risk of side effects associated with nasal sprays.
Image Copyright: Naeblys / Shutterstock Step-by-Step UsePatients should follow the steps given below to use a pump bottle nasal spray:
Related StoriesIf the patient is using the nasal spray, it is important to prime the spray before using it. This simply involves pumping the nasal spray outside of the nose and away from the body several times, until a fine mist comes out when pumped. Correct PositioningOne of the most important factors in using a nasal spray correctly is positioning the spray in the right direction. The following pointers should help patients with their positioning when using a nasal spray:
This positioning helps to reduce the risk that the medication will slip down the back of the throat or into the septum of the nose, both of which can easily become irritated by nasal spray use. There are several mistakes that are commonly made when using nasal sprays, which can lead to a reduction in efficacy or increase the risk of side effects. Nasal irritation of the septum (the middle section of the nose) is a common side effect that is due to the medication being directed toward this sensitive area of the nasal passageways. This can be avoided by using the opposite hand to deliver the spray to the other nostril (e.g. left to right or vice versa) so that the spray is directed towards the outside of the nose. Mild throat irritation is another common side effect, which can result from dripping of the medication down the back of throat due to incorrect position of the head or breathing in too quickly when pumping the medication (snorting the medication). This can be avoided by keeping the head tilted forward slightly during administration and breathing in slowly as the spray is pumped. Finally, the use of nasal sprays can sometimes lead to nosebleeds or significant irritation of the nose. If this occurs, patients should stop using the spray for 1-2 days and use a saline spray instead to allow the nasal lining to recover. ReferencesFurther Reading
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The following advice is for nose drops only and not for nose sprays which are used differently. Ask your pharmacist if you have any queries.
The above advice is general advice for most nose drops. You may be given specific instructions which may vary from the above. Chapter 6. Non-Parenteral Medication Administration The eye is the most sensitive organ to which medication may be applied (Perry et al., 2018). The cornea is especially sensitive, making the conjunctival sac the appropriate site for instilling eye (ophthalmic) medications. Eye medications might be necessary for conditions such as glaucoma, infection, and following eye surgery. Of note is that eye medication are for the most part administered into the conjunctival sac, which is much less sensitive than the cornea. Checklist 49 outlines the steps for instilling eye medications.
Instilling Ear MedicationsFigure 6.15 Anatomy of the earCommon medications to be instilled into the ear include antibiotics, anti inflammatory agents, local analgesics, and wax emulsifiers (Lilley et al., 2016). In general, ear drops should be instilled after the ear has been thoroughly cleansed and the dropper cleaned with alcohol. Internal ear structures are particularly sensitive to temperature extremes. Therefore, ear (otic) medications should always be administered at least at room temperature but preferably at body temperature to promote comfort and to reduce risk of vertigo associated with cold ear drops (Lilley et al., 2016). Care must be taken to avoid contaminating the dropper and ear medication, as doing so could introduce microorganisms into the ear which could be very serious in the event the ear drum (tympanic membrane) is ruptured. After administration, the patient should be advised to lie on the unaffected side for 5 minutes to maximize medication absorption. Checklist 50 outlines the steps for instilling ear medications.
Instilling Nasal Medications
Nasal medications are instilled for the treatment of allergies, nasal congestion, and sinus infections. The nose is not a sterile cavity, but medical asepsis must be observed because of its connection to the sinuses. Prior to administering nasal medications ask the patient to gently blow their nose. Following administration, burning may be felt. At this point blowing the nose is discouraged, as the medication has not had time to absorb. Depending on the purpose of the nasal medication, different positioning may help facilitate delivery of the medication to the correct sinus area. Checklist 51 outlines the steps for instilling nasal medications.
Critical Thinking Exercises
Figure 6.13. Anatomy of eye from OpenStax College, Anatomy & Physiology (2013) is used under a CC BY 3.0 license. Figure 6.14. Drops with MAR by author is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Figure 6.15. Anatomy of ear by Anatomy of the Ear by Blausen.com staff (2014) is used under a CC BY 3.0 license. Figure 6.16. Massage the tragus after instilling ear drops by author is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Figure 6.17. Nasal sinuses illustration from OpenStax College, Anatomy & Physiology. Used under a CC BY 3.0 license. Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/. Figure 6.18. Diagram of nasal spray application by BruceBlaus is used under a cc BY-SA 4.0 license. Figure 6.19. Spray with MAR by author is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. |