Salah satu tujuan ASEAN adalah menciptakan kawasan Asia Tenggara sebagai kawasan ZOPFAN apa maksudnya *?

Bagi bangsa-bangsa di kawasan asia Tenggara terutama negara-negara ASEAN, istilah ZOPFAN (Zone of Peace Freedom and Neutrality) sudah sering didengar. Konsep ZOPFAN secara eksplisit memuat bidang kerjasama politik ASEAN untuk mewujudkan stabilitas politik dan keamanan di kawasan Asia Tenggara berdasarkan semangat hidup berdampingan dan saling pengertian dengan mengacu kepada asas-asas Piagam PBB. Konsep ini pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Malaysia, pada tahun 1971 di Kuala Lumpur saat Perang Dingin antara Amerika Serikat dan Uni Soviet sedang berlangsung. Berakhirnya Perang Dingin mengakibatkan munculnya dua pandangan berbeda dari negaranegara ASEAN, di satu sisi mengatakan ZOPFAN masih relevan walaupun Perang Dingin telah tiada. Sedangkan disisi lain mengatakan ZOPFAN sudah tidak relevan lagi dengan keadaan sekarang. Untuk menganalisa permasalahan dalam tesis ini menggunakan Teori Amity & Enmity dan Regional Security yang dikembangkan oleh Barry Buzan di dalam bukunya yang berjudul People, State and Fear: an Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post Cold War Era. Yang dimaksud dengan amity adalah hubungan antar negara yang terjalin berdasarkan mulai dari rasa persahabatan sampai pada ekspektasi (expectation) akan mendapatkan dukungan (support) atau perlindungan satu sama lain. Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan enmity oleh Buzan dikatakan sebagai suatu hubungan antar negara yang terjalin atas dasar kecurigaan (suspicion) dan rasa takut (fear). Berdasarkan uraian tersebut Penulis membuat hipotesa bahwa ZOPFAN pasca Perang Dingin tetap relevan, hal tersebut dikarenakan masih banyak terdapat ketegangan dan potensi konflik di kawasan ini, termasuk pengaruh dari luar kawasan berupa perkembangan keadaan dan situasi keamanan di Asia yang masih tidak menentu dan penuh ketidakpastian (uncertainty). ASEAN tentunya akan tetap pada cita-cita semula dalam menjaga stabilitas politik dan keamanan Asia Tenggara. Maka sekarang inilah merupakan kesempatan yang baik untuk mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kerja sama (amity) dengan melupakan persengketaan-persengketaan masa lalu yang menimbulkan hubungan tidak harmonis dan saling bermusuhan (enmity) diantara negara-negara ASEAN

For nations in the South-East Asian region especially ASEAN countries, the ZOPFAN term (the zone of Peace Freedom and Neutrality) often has been heard. The ZOPFAN concept explicitly contained the ASEAN field of the political co-operation to bring about the stability of politics and the security in the South-East Asian region was based on the spirit of the coexistence and mutual understanding by referring to UN Charter principles. This concept was the first time introduced by Malaysia, during 1971 in Kuala Lumpur during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union was taking place. After The cold war resulted in the emergence of two views being different from ASEAN countries, on the one hand said ZOPFAN was still being relevant although the Cold War has not. Whereas on the side other said ZOPFAN has been again irrelevant with the situation now. To analyse the problem in this thesis used the Theory of Amity & Enmity and Regional Security that was developed by Barry Buzan in his book that was entitled People, State and Fear: an the Agenda for International Security Studies in the Post Cold War Era. That was meant with amity was international relations that were established be based on from the feeling of the friendship to expectation will get the support or the protection to one another. Whereas that was meant with enmity by Buzan was said as an international relations that were established on the basis of the suspicion and the fear. Was based on this analysis the Writer made the hypothesis that ZOPFAN post-Cold War stayed relevant, This matter was caused still often was gotten by the tension and the potential for the conflict in this region, Including the influence from outside the region took the form of the development of the situation and the security situation in Asia that still was uncertain and was full of the uncertainty. ASEAN definitely will continue to in the goal originally in maintaining the stability of politics and the South-East Asian security. Then now was the opportunity that was good for developed and increased the co-operation (amity) by forgetting past disputes that caused relations to be not harmonious and to be hostile toward each other (enmity) around ASEAN countries.

Kata Kunci : Relevansi Zopfan,Pasca perang dingin, Relevance of ZOPFAN â Post-Cold War