Tinjau file berikut (sample_data.py), yang mewakili data sampel yang Anda masukkan ke dalamvehicle-registration tabel. File ini juga mengimpor dariamazon.ion paket untuk menyediakan fungsi pembantu yang mengonversi, mengurai, dan mencetak data Amazon Ion.
# Copyright 2019 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT-0
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
# software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
# without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
# merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
# INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
# PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
# HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
from datetime import datetime
from decimal import Decimal
from logging import basicConfig, getLogger, INFO
from amazon.ion.simple_types import IonPyBool, IonPyBytes, IonPyDecimal, IonPyDict, IonPyFloat, IonPyInt, IonPyList, \
IonPyNull, IonPySymbol, IonPyText, IonPyTimestamp
from amazon.ion.simpleion import dumps, loads
logger = getLogger(__name__)
basicConfig(level=INFO)
IonValue = (IonPyBool, IonPyBytes, IonPyDecimal, IonPyDict, IonPyFloat, IonPyInt, IonPyList, IonPyNull, IonPySymbol,
IonPyText, IonPyTimestamp)
class SampleData:
"""
Sample domain objects for use throughout this tutorial.
"""
DRIVERS_LICENSE = [
{
'PersonId': '',
'LicenseNumber': 'LEWISR261LL',
'LicenseType': 'Learner',
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2016, 12, 20),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2020, 11, 15)
},
{
'PersonId': '',
'LicenseNumber': 'LOGANB486CG',
'LicenseType': 'Probationary',
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2016, 4, 6),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2020, 11, 15)
},
{
'PersonId': '',
'LicenseNumber': '744 849 301',
'LicenseType': 'Full',
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2017, 12, 6),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2022, 10, 15)
},
{
'PersonId': '',
'LicenseNumber': 'P626-168-229-765',
'LicenseType': 'Learner',
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2017, 8, 16),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2021, 11, 15)
},
{
'PersonId': '',
'LicenseNumber': 'S152-780-97-415-0',
'LicenseType': 'Probationary',
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2015, 8, 15),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2021, 8, 21)
}
]
PERSON = [
{
'FirstName': 'Raul',
'LastName': 'Lewis',
'Address': '1719 University Street, Seattle, WA, 98109',
'DOB': datetime(1963, 8, 19),
'GovId': 'LEWISR261LL',
'GovIdType': 'Driver License'
},
{
'FirstName': 'Brent',
'LastName': 'Logan',
'DOB': datetime(1967, 7, 3),
'Address': '43 Stockert Hollow Road, Everett, WA, 98203',
'GovId': 'LOGANB486CG',
'GovIdType': 'Driver License'
},
{
'FirstName': 'Alexis',
'LastName': 'Pena',
'DOB': datetime(1974, 2, 10),
'Address': '4058 Melrose Street, Spokane Valley, WA, 99206',
'GovId': '744 849 301',
'GovIdType': 'SSN'
},
{
'FirstName': 'Melvin',
'LastName': 'Parker',
'DOB': datetime(1976, 5, 22),
'Address': '4362 Ryder Avenue, Seattle, WA, 98101',
'GovId': 'P626-168-229-765',
'GovIdType': 'Passport'
},
{
'FirstName': 'Salvatore',
'LastName': 'Spencer',
'DOB': datetime(1997, 11, 15),
'Address': '4450 Honeysuckle Lane, Seattle, WA, 98101',
'GovId': 'S152-780-97-415-0',
'GovIdType': 'Passport'
}
]
VEHICLE = [
{
'VIN': '1N4AL11D75C109151',
'Type': 'Sedan',
'Year': 2011,
'Make': 'Audi',
'Model': 'A5',
'Color': 'Silver'
},
{
'VIN': 'KM8SRDHF6EU074761',
'Type': 'Sedan',
'Year': 2015,
'Make': 'Tesla',
'Model': 'Model S',
'Color': 'Blue'
},
{
'VIN': '3HGGK5G53FM761765',
'Type': 'Motorcycle',
'Year': 2011,
'Make': 'Ducati',
'Model': 'Monster 1200',
'Color': 'Yellow'
},
{
'VIN': '1HVBBAANXWH544237',
'Type': 'Semi',
'Year': 2009,
'Make': 'Ford',
'Model': 'F 150',
'Color': 'Black'
},
{
'VIN': '1C4RJFAG0FC625797',
'Type': 'Sedan',
'Year': 2019,
'Make': 'Mercedes',
'Model': 'CLK 350',
'Color': 'White'
}
]
VEHICLE_REGISTRATION = [
{
'VIN': '1N4AL11D75C109151',
'LicensePlateNumber': 'LEWISR261LL',
'State': 'WA',
'City': 'Seattle',
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2017, 8, 21),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2020, 5, 11),
'PendingPenaltyTicketAmount': Decimal('90.25'),
'Owners': {
'PrimaryOwner': {'PersonId': ''},
'SecondaryOwners': []
}
},
{
'VIN': 'KM8SRDHF6EU074761',
'LicensePlateNumber': 'CA762X',
'State': 'WA',
'City': 'Kent',
'PendingPenaltyTicketAmount': Decimal('130.75'),
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2017, 9, 14),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2020, 6, 25),
'Owners': {
'PrimaryOwner': {'PersonId': ''},
'SecondaryOwners': []
}
},
{
'VIN': '3HGGK5G53FM761765',
'LicensePlateNumber': 'CD820Z',
'State': 'WA',
'City': 'Everett',
'PendingPenaltyTicketAmount': Decimal('442.30'),
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2011, 3, 17),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2021, 3, 24),
'Owners': {
'PrimaryOwner': {'PersonId': ''},
'SecondaryOwners': []
}
},
{
'VIN': '1HVBBAANXWH544237',
'LicensePlateNumber': 'LS477D',
'State': 'WA',
'City': 'Tacoma',
'PendingPenaltyTicketAmount': Decimal('42.20'),
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2011, 10, 26),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2023, 9, 25),
'Owners': {
'PrimaryOwner': {'PersonId': ''},
'SecondaryOwners': []
}
},
{
'VIN': '1C4RJFAG0FC625797',
'LicensePlateNumber': 'TH393F',
'State': 'WA',
'City': 'Olympia',
'PendingPenaltyTicketAmount': Decimal('30.45'),
'ValidFromDate': datetime(2013, 9, 2),
'ValidToDate': datetime(2024, 3, 19),
'Owners': {
'PrimaryOwner': {'PersonId': ''},
'SecondaryOwners': []
}
}
]
def convert_object_to_ion(py_object):
"""
Convert a Python object into an Ion object.
:type py_object: object
:param py_object: The object to convert.
:rtype: :py:class:`amazon.ion.simple_types.IonPyValue`
:return: The converted Ion object.
"""
ion_object = loads(dumps(py_object))
return ion_object
def to_ion_struct(key, value):
"""
Convert the given key and value into an Ion struct.
:type key: str
:param key: The key which serves as an unique identifier.
:type value: str
:param value: The value associated with a given key.
:rtype: :py:class:`amazon.ion.simple_types.IonPyDict`
:return: The Ion dictionary object.
"""
ion_struct = dict()
ion_struct[key] = value
return loads(str(ion_struct))
def get_document_ids(transaction_executor, table_name, field, value):
"""
Gets the document IDs from the given table.
:type transaction_executor: :py:class:`pyqldb.execution.executor.Executor`
:param transaction_executor: An Executor object allowing for execution of statements within a transaction.
:type table_name: str
:param table_name: The table name to query.
:type field: str
:param field: A field to query.
:type value: str
:param value: The key of the given field.
:rtype: list
:return: A list of document IDs.
"""
query = "SELECT id FROM {} AS t BY id WHERE t.{} = ?".format(table_name, field)
cursor = transaction_executor.execute_statement(query, convert_object_to_ion(value))
return list(map(lambda table: table.get('id'), cursor))
def get_document_ids_from_dml_results(result):
"""
Return a list of modified document IDs as strings from DML results.
:type result: :py:class:`pyqldb.cursor.buffered_cursor.BufferedCursor`
:param: result: The result set from DML operation.
:rtype: list
:return: List of document IDs.
"""
ret_val = list(map(lambda x: x.get('documentId'), result))
return ret_val
def print_result(cursor):
"""
Pretty print the result set. Returns the number of documents in the result set.
:type cursor: :py:class:`pyqldb.cursor.stream_cursor.StreamCursor`/
:py:class:`pyqldb.cursor.buffered_cursor.BufferedCursor`
:param cursor: An instance of the StreamCursor or BufferedCursor class.
:rtype: int
:return: Number of documents in the result set.
"""
result_counter = 0
for row in cursor:
# Each row would be in Ion format.
print_ion(row)
result_counter += 1
return result_counter
def print_ion(ion_value):
"""
Pretty print an Ion Value.
:type ion_value: :py:class:`amazon.ion.simple_types.IonPySymbol`
:param ion_value: Any Ion Value to be pretty printed.
"""
logger.info(dumps(ion_value, binary=False, indent=' ', omit_version_marker=True))
get_document_idsFungsi ini menjalankan query yang mengembalikan ID dokumen sistem-ditugaskan dari tabel. Untuk mempelajari selengkapnya, lihat Menggunakan klausa BY untuk query ID dokumen.
Gunakan program berikut (insert_document.py) untuk memasukkan data sampel ke dalam tabel Anda.
3.x
# Copyright 2019 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT-0
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
# software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
# without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
# merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
# INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
# PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
# HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
# This code expects that you have AWS credentials setup per:
# https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/quickstart.html
from logging import basicConfig, getLogger, INFO
from pyqldbsamples.constants import Constants
from pyqldbsamples.model.sample_data import convert_object_to_ion, SampleData, get_document_ids_from_dml_results
from pyqldbsamples.connect_to_ledger import create_qldb_driver
logger = getLogger(__name__)
basicConfig(level=INFO)
def update_person_id(document_ids):
"""
Update the PersonId value for DriversLicense records and the PrimaryOwner value for VehicleRegistration records.
:type document_ids: list
:param document_ids: List of document IDs.
:rtype: list
:return: Lists of updated DriversLicense records and updated VehicleRegistration records.
"""
new_drivers_licenses = SampleData.DRIVERS_LICENSE.copy()
new_vehicle_registrations = SampleData.VEHICLE_REGISTRATION.copy()
for i in range(len(SampleData.PERSON)):
drivers_license = new_drivers_licenses[i]
registration = new_vehicle_registrations[i]
drivers_license.update({'PersonId': str(document_ids[i])})
registration['Owners']['PrimaryOwner'].update({'PersonId': str(document_ids[i])})
return new_drivers_licenses, new_vehicle_registrations
def insert_documents(driver, table_name, documents):
"""
Insert the given list of documents into a table in a single transaction.
:type driver: :py:class:`pyqldb.driver.qldb_driver.QldbDriver`
:param driver: An instance of the QldbDriver class.
:type table_name: str
:param table_name: Name of the table to insert documents into.
:type documents: list
:param documents: List of documents to insert.
:rtype: list
:return: List of documents IDs for the newly inserted documents.
"""
logger.info('Inserting some documents in the {} table...'.format(table_name))
statement = 'INSERT INTO {} ?'.format(table_name)
cursor = driver.execute_lambda(lambda executor: executor.execute_statement(statement,
convert_object_to_ion(documents)))
list_of_document_ids = get_document_ids_from_dml_results(cursor)
return list_of_document_ids
def update_and_insert_documents(driver):
"""
Handle the insertion of documents and updating PersonIds.
:type driver: :py:class:`pyqldb.driver.qldb_driver.QldbDriver`
:param driver: An instance of the QldbDriver class.
"""
list_ids = insert_documents(driver, Constants.PERSON_TABLE_NAME, SampleData.PERSON)
logger.info("Updating PersonIds for 'DriversLicense' and PrimaryOwner for 'VehicleRegistration'...")
new_licenses, new_registrations = update_person_id(list_ids)
insert_documents(driver, Constants.VEHICLE_TABLE_NAME, SampleData.VEHICLE)
insert_documents(driver, Constants.VEHICLE_REGISTRATION_TABLE_NAME, new_registrations)
insert_documents(driver, Constants.DRIVERS_LICENSE_TABLE_NAME, new_licenses)
def main(ledger_name=Constants.LEDGER_NAME):
"""
Insert documents into a table in a QLDB ledger.
"""
try:
with create_qldb_driver(ledger_name) as driver:
# An INSERT statement creates the initial revision of a document with a version number of zero.
# QLDB also assigns a unique document identifier in GUID format as part of the metadata.
update_and_insert_documents(driver)
logger.info('Documents inserted successfully!')
except Exception as e:
logger.exception('Error inserting or updating documents.')
raise e
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
2.x
# Copyright 2019 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT-0
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
# software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
# without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
# merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
# INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
# PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
# HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
# This code expects that you have AWS credentials setup per:
# https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/quickstart.html
from logging import basicConfig, getLogger, INFO
from pyqldbsamples.constants import Constants
from pyqldbsamples.model.sample_data import convert_object_to_ion, SampleData, get_document_ids_from_dml_results
from pyqldbsamples.connect_to_ledger import create_qldb_session
logger = getLogger(__name__)
basicConfig(level=INFO)
def update_person_id(document_ids):
"""
Update the PersonId value for DriversLicense records and the PrimaryOwner value for VehicleRegistration records.
:type document_ids: list
:param document_ids: List of document IDs.
:rtype: list
:return: Lists of updated DriversLicense records and updated VehicleRegistration records.
"""
new_drivers_licenses = SampleData.DRIVERS_LICENSE.copy()
new_vehicle_registrations = SampleData.VEHICLE_REGISTRATION.copy()
for i in range(len(SampleData.PERSON)):
drivers_license = new_drivers_licenses[i]
registration = new_vehicle_registrations[i]
drivers_license.update({'PersonId': str(document_ids[i])})
registration['Owners']['PrimaryOwner'].update({'PersonId': str(document_ids[i])})
return new_drivers_licenses, new_vehicle_registrations
def insert_documents(transaction_executor, table_name, documents):
"""
Insert the given list of documents into a table in a single transaction.
:type transaction_executor: :py:class:`pyqldb.execution.executor.Executor`
:param transaction_executor: An Executor object allowing for execution of statements within a transaction.
:type table_name: str
:param table_name: Name of the table to insert documents into.
:type documents: list
:param documents: List of documents to insert.
:rtype: list
:return: List of documents IDs for the newly inserted documents.
"""
logger.info('Inserting some documents in the {} table...'.format(table_name))
statement = 'INSERT INTO {} ?'.format(table_name)
cursor = transaction_executor.execute_statement(statement, convert_object_to_ion(documents))
list_of_document_ids = get_document_ids_from_dml_results(cursor)
return list_of_document_ids
def update_and_insert_documents(transaction_executor):
"""
Handle the insertion of documents and updating PersonIds all in a single transaction.
:type transaction_executor: :py:class:`pyqldb.execution.executor.Executor`
:param transaction_executor: An Executor object allowing for execution of statements within a transaction.
"""
list_ids = insert_documents(transaction_executor, Constants.PERSON_TABLE_NAME, SampleData.PERSON)
logger.info("Updating PersonIds for 'DriversLicense' and PrimaryOwner for 'VehicleRegistration'...")
new_licenses, new_registrations = update_person_id(list_ids)
insert_documents(transaction_executor, Constants.VEHICLE_TABLE_NAME, SampleData.VEHICLE)
insert_documents(transaction_executor, Constants.VEHICLE_REGISTRATION_TABLE_NAME, new_registrations)
insert_documents(transaction_executor, Constants.DRIVERS_LICENSE_TABLE_NAME, new_licenses)
if __name__ == '__main__':
"""
Insert documents into a table in a QLDB ledger.
"""
try:
with create_qldb_session() as session:
# An INSERT statement creates the initial revision of a document with a version number of zero.
# QLDB also assigns a unique document identifier in GUID format as part of the metadata.
session.execute_lambda(lambda executor: update_and_insert_documents(executor),
lambda retry_attempt: logger.info('Retrying due to OCC conflict...'))
logger.info('Documents inserted successfully!')
except Exception:
logger.exception('Error inserting or updating documents.')
Program ini menunjukkan bagaimana memanggilexecute_statement fungsi dengan nilai-nilai parameter. Anda dapat melewati parameter data selain pernyataan PartiQL yang ingin Anda jalankan. Gunakan tanda tanya (
# Copyright 2019 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
# SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT-0
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this
# software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software
# without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
# merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
# permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
# INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
# PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
# HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
# SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
#
# This code expects that you have AWS credentials setup per:
# https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/quickstart.html
from logging import basicConfig, getLogger, INFO
from pyqldbsamples.constants import Constants
from pyqldbsamples.model.sample_data import convert_object_to_ion, SampleData, get_document_ids_from_dml_results
from pyqldbsamples.connect_to_ledger import create_qldb_driver
logger = getLogger(__name__)
basicConfig(level=INFO)
def update_person_id(document_ids):
"""
Update the PersonId value for DriversLicense records and the PrimaryOwner value for VehicleRegistration records.
:type document_ids: list
:param document_ids: List of document IDs.
:rtype: list
:return: Lists of updated DriversLicense records and updated VehicleRegistration records.
"""
new_drivers_licenses = SampleData.DRIVERS_LICENSE.copy()
new_vehicle_registrations = SampleData.VEHICLE_REGISTRATION.copy()
for i in range(len(SampleData.PERSON)):
drivers_license = new_drivers_licenses[i]
registration = new_vehicle_registrations[i]
drivers_license.update({'PersonId': str(document_ids[i])})
registration['Owners']['PrimaryOwner'].update({'PersonId': str(document_ids[i])})
return new_drivers_licenses, new_vehicle_registrations
def insert_documents(driver, table_name, documents):
"""
Insert the given list of documents into a table in a single transaction.
:type driver: :py:class:`pyqldb.driver.qldb_driver.QldbDriver`
:param driver: An instance of the QldbDriver class.
:type table_name: str
:param table_name: Name of the table to insert documents into.
:type documents: list
:param documents: List of documents to insert.
:rtype: list
:return: List of documents IDs for the newly inserted documents.
"""
logger.info('Inserting some documents in the {} table...'.format(table_name))
statement = 'INSERT INTO {} ?'.format(table_name)
cursor = driver.execute_lambda(lambda executor: executor.execute_statement(statement,
convert_object_to_ion(documents)))
list_of_document_ids = get_document_ids_from_dml_results(cursor)
return list_of_document_ids
def update_and_insert_documents(driver):
"""
Handle the insertion of documents and updating PersonIds.
:type driver: :py:class:`pyqldb.driver.qldb_driver.QldbDriver`
:param driver: An instance of the QldbDriver class.
"""
list_ids = insert_documents(driver, Constants.PERSON_TABLE_NAME, SampleData.PERSON)
logger.info("Updating PersonIds for 'DriversLicense' and PrimaryOwner for 'VehicleRegistration'...")
new_licenses, new_registrations = update_person_id(list_ids)
insert_documents(driver, Constants.VEHICLE_TABLE_NAME, SampleData.VEHICLE)
insert_documents(driver, Constants.VEHICLE_REGISTRATION_TABLE_NAME, new_registrations)
insert_documents(driver, Constants.DRIVERS_LICENSE_TABLE_NAME, new_licenses)
def main(ledger_name=Constants.LEDGER_NAME):
"""
Insert documents into a table in a QLDB ledger.
"""
try:
with create_qldb_driver(ledger_name) as driver:
# An INSERT statement creates the initial revision of a document with a version number of zero.
# QLDB also assigns a unique document identifier in GUID format as part of the metadata.
update_and_insert_documents(driver)
logger.info('Documents inserted successfully!')
except Exception as e:
logger.exception('Error inserting or updating documents.')
raise e
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
0) sebagai placeholder variabel dalam string pernyataan Anda.
Bagaimana cara mendeklarasikan suatu class pada python?
Cara mendeklarasikan object dari sebuah class pada python adalah dengan memanggil nama class beserta dengan parameter yang diberikan pada fungsi constructor ( __init__ ).
Apa fungsi class di Python?
Class atau kelas-kelas adalah prototipe untuk wadah menghimpun data dan kebergunaan yang kemudian menghasilkan objek. Setiap class baru akan menghasilkan objek baru yang kemudian bisa dibuat instance dengan memiliki atribut yang ada.
Append python buat apa?
Append. Salah satu fitur dalam array python yang cukup sering digunakan adalah fungsi append. Fungsi append ini berguna untuk menambahkan nilai array pada urutan terakhir. Fungsi ini sedikit berbeda dengan fungsi insert, dimana fungsi insert bisa menambahkan nilai array pada posisi tertentu.
Apa itu object dalam python?
Objek pada python adalah kumpulan dari variabel-variabel (dinamakan atribut) dan kumpulan dari fungsi-fungsi (dinamakan perilaku). Atas definisi itu, maka semua hal di dalam python adalah sebuah Objek. Objek dan Kelas dalam python bermakna sama.
