In a chemical reaction the total mass of all the substances taking part in the reaction remains the same. Also, the number of atoms in a reaction remains the same. Mass cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction. Law of conservation of massThe law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of substances taking part in a chemical reaction is conserved during the reaction. Table 13.1 illustrates this law for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. We will use the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water in this activity. Coloured modelling clay rolled into balls or marbles and prestik to represent atoms. Each colour will represent a different element.
You should have noticed that the number of atoms in the reactants is the same as the number of atoms in the product. The number of atoms is conserved during the reaction. However, you will also see that the number of molecules in the reactants and products are not the same. The number of molecules is not conserved during the reaction. To prove the law of conservation of matter experimentally. Reaction 1: 3 beakers; silver nitrate; sodium iodide; mass meter Reaction 2: hydrochloric acid; bromothymol blue; sodium hydroxide solution; mass meter Reaction 3: any effervescent tablet (e.g. Cal-C-Vita tablet), balloon; rubber band; mass meter; test tube; beaker
Always be careful when handling chemicals (particularly strong acids like hydrochloric acid) as you can burn yourself badly. Reaction 1
Reaction 2:
Reaction 3
Fill in the following table for the total mass of reactants (starting materials) and products (ending materials).
Add the masses for the reactants for each reaction. Do the same for the products. For each reaction compare the mass of the reactants to the mass of the products. What do you notice? Is the mass conserved? In the experiment above you should have found that the total mass at the start of the reaction is the same as the mass at the end of the reaction. Mass does not appear or disappear in chemical reactions. Mass is conserved, in other words, the total mass you start with is the total mass you will end with. Textbook Exercise 13.2
Complete the following chemical reactions to show that atoms and mass are conserved. For each reaction give the total molecular mass of the reactants and the products. Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen gas to form ammonia. Solution not yet available
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes (breaks down) to form hydrogen and oxygen. Solution not yet available
Calcium and oxygen gas react to form calcium oxide. Solution not yet available
Chemistry is a physical science that studies matter, energy and how they interact. When studying these interactions, it's important to understand the law of conservation of mass.
The law of conservation of mass is that, in a closed or isolated system, matter cannot be created or destroyed. It can change forms but is conserved. In the context of the study of chemistry, the law of conservation of mass says that in a chemical reaction, the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants. To clarify: An isolated system is one that does not interact with its surroundings. Therefore, the mass contained in that isolated system will remain constant, regardless of any transformations or chemical reactions that occur—while the result may be different than what you had in the beginning, there can't be any more or less mass than what you had prior to the transformation or reaction. The law of conservation of mass was crucial to the progression of chemistry, as it helped scientists understand that substances did not disappear as result of a reaction (as they may appear to do); rather, they transform into another substance of equal mass. History credits multiple scientists with discovering the law of conservation of mass. Russian scientist Mikhail Lomonosov noted it in his diary as a result of an experiment in 1756. In 1774, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier meticulously documented experiments that proved the law. The law of conservation of mass is known by some as Lavoisier's Law. In defining the law, Lavoisier stated, "Atoms of an object cannot be created or destroyed, but can be moved around and be changed into different particles."
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