Skrip mana yang dapat Anda gunakan dalam ekspresi reguler di php untuk menghapus kata terakhir dari sebuah string?

Izin diberikan untuk menyalin, mendistribusikan dan/atau memodifikasi dokumen ini di bawah ketentuan Lisensi Dokumentasi Bebas GNU, Versi 1. 3 atau versi selanjutnya yang diterbitkan oleh Free Software Foundation; . Salinan lisensi disertakan dalam bagian yang berjudul “Lisensi Dokumentasi Bebas GNU”

1. Perkenalan

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

2 Menjalankan sed

Bab ini membahas cara menjalankan

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

2. 1 Ikhtisar

Biasanya

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Misalnya, untuk mengganti semua kemunculan 'halo' menjadi 'dunia' di input file. txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

Jika Anda tidak menentukan INPUTFILE, atau jika INPUTFILE adalah -,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Secara default

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tanpa opsi -e atau -f,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Contoh berikut setara

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

2. 2 Opsi Baris Perintah

Format lengkap untuk memanggil

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Cetak versi

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Cetak pesan penggunaan yang merangkum secara singkat opsi baris perintah ini dan alamat pelaporan bug, lalu keluar

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Secara default,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Cetak program input sed dalam bentuk kanonis, dan anotasi eksekusi program

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Tambahkan perintah dalam skrip ke kumpulan perintah untuk dijalankan saat memproses input

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Tambahkan perintah yang terdapat dalam file skrip-file ke kumpulan perintah yang akan dijalankan saat memproses input

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Opsi ini menentukan bahwa file akan diedit di tempat. GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Opsi ini menyiratkan -s

Saat akhir file tercapai, file sementara diganti namanya menjadi nama asli file keluaran. Ekstensi, jika disediakan, digunakan untuk mengubah nama file lama sebelum mengganti nama file sementara, sehingga membuat salinan cadangan)

Aturan ini diikuti. jika ekstensi tidak berisi

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Jika tidak ada ekstensi yang disediakan, file asli akan ditimpa tanpa membuat cadangan

Karena -i mengambil argumen opsional, seharusnya tidak diikuti oleh opsi singkat lainnya

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Sama seperti -E -i tanpa akhiran cadangan - FILE akan diedit di tempat tanpa membuat cadangan

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Ini sama dengan --in-place=E, membuat FILE sebagai cadangan FILE

Hati-hati menggunakan -n dengan -i. yang pertama menonaktifkan pencetakan garis otomatis dan yang terakhir mengubah file di tempat tanpa cadangan. Digunakan sembarangan (dan tanpa perintah

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Tentukan panjang pembungkus baris default untuk perintah

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Opsi ini tersedia di setiap platform, tetapi hanya efektif jika sistem operasi membedakan antara file teks dan file biner. Ketika perbedaan dibuat—seperti halnya MS-DOS, Windows, Cygwin—file teks terdiri dari baris yang dipisahkan oleh carriage return dan karakter line feed, dan

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Opsi ini hanya tersedia pada platform yang mendukung tautan simbolik dan hanya berpengaruh jika opsi -i ditentukan. Dalam hal ini, jika file yang ditentukan pada baris perintah adalah tautan simbolis,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Gunakan ekspresi reguler yang diperluas daripada ekspresi reguler dasar. Regexp yang diperluas adalah yang

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Secara default,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Dalam mode kotak pasir,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Buffer input dan output seminimal mungkin. (Ini sangat berguna jika input berasal dari 'tail -f', dan Anda ingin melihat output yang diubah sesegera mungkin. )

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Perlakukan input sebagai satu set baris, masing-masing diakhiri dengan nol byte (karakter ASCII 'NUL') alih-alih baris baru. Opsi ini dapat digunakan dengan perintah seperti 'sort -z' dan 'find -print0' untuk memproses nama file arbitrer

Jika tidak ada opsi -e, -f, --expression, atau --file yang diberikan pada baris perintah, maka argumen non-opsi pertama pada baris perintah akan dianggap sebagai skrip yang akan dieksekusi

Jika ada parameter baris perintah yang tersisa setelah pemrosesan di atas, parameter ini ditafsirkan sebagai nama file input yang akan diproses. Nama file '-' mengacu pada aliran input standar. Input standar akan diproses jika tidak ada nama file yang ditentukan

2. 3 Keluar status

Status keluar nol menunjukkan keberhasilan, dan nilai bukan nol menunjukkan kegagalan. GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Penyelesaian yang berhasil

Perintah tidak valid, sintaks tidak valid, ekspresi reguler tidak valid atau perintah ekstensi ________0______22 GNU digunakan dengan --posix

Satu atau lebih file input yang ditentukan pada baris perintah tidak dapat dibuka (mis. g. jika file tidak ditemukan, atau izin baca ditolak). Pemrosesan dilanjutkan dengan file lain

Kesalahan I/O, atau kesalahan pemrosesan yang serius selama runtime, GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Selain itu, perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

3 sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt _22 skrip

3. 1 sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt _22 ikhtisar skrip

Program

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

X adalah perintah

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Contoh berikut menghapus baris 30 sampai 35 pada input.

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

Contoh berikut mencetak semua input hingga baris yang dimulai dengan kata 'foo' ditemukan. Jika baris tersebut ditemukan,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Perintah dalam skrip atau file skrip dapat dipisahkan dengan titik koma (

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Contoh berikut semuanya setara. Mereka melakukan dua

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

3. 2 sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt _22 ringkasan perintah

Perintah berikut didukung di GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tambahkan teks setelah satu baris

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tambahkan teks setelah baris (sintaksis alternatif)

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Cabang tanpa syarat untuk memberi label. Label dapat dihilangkan, dalam hal ini siklus berikutnya dimulai

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Ganti (ganti) baris dengan teks

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Ganti (ubah) baris dengan teks (sintaks alternatif)

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Hapus ruang pola;

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Jika ruang pola berisi baris baru, hapus teks di ruang pola hingga baris baru pertama, dan mulai ulang siklus dengan ruang pola yang dihasilkan, tanpa membaca baris input baru

Jika ruang pola tidak berisi baris baru, mulailah siklus baru yang normal seolah-olah perintah ________0______36 dikeluarkan

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Jalankan perintah yang ditemukan di ruang pola dan ganti ruang pola dengan output;

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Mengeksekusi perintah dan mengirimkan outputnya ke aliran output. Perintah dapat dijalankan melintasi beberapa baris, semuanya kecuali yang terakhir diakhiri dengan garis miring terbalik

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(nama file) Cetak nama file dari file input saat ini (dengan baris baru yang tertinggal)

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Ganti isi ruang pola dengan isi ruang tunggu

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tambahkan baris baru ke konten ruang pola, lalu tambahkan konten ruang penahan ke konten ruang pola

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(tahan) Ganti isi ruang tunggu dengan isi ruang pola

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tambahkan baris baru ke konten ruang tunggu, lalu tambahkan konten ruang pola ke konten ruang tunggu

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

menyisipkan teks sebelum baris

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

menyisipkan teks sebelum baris (sintaksis alternatif)

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Cetak ruang pola dalam bentuk yang tidak ambigu

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(berikutnya) Jika cetak otomatis tidak dinonaktifkan, cetak ruang pola, lalu, terlepas dari itu, ganti ruang pola dengan baris input berikutnya. Jika tidak ada input lagi maka

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Tambahkan baris baru ke ruang pola, lalu tambahkan baris input berikutnya ke ruang pola. Jika tidak ada input lagi maka

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Cetak ruang pola

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Cetak ruang pola, hingga yang pertama

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(keluar) Keluar dari

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(keluar) Perintah ini sama dengan

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Membaca nama file file

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Antrean baris nama file untuk dibaca dan dimasukkan ke dalam aliran output pada akhir siklus saat ini, atau saat baris input berikutnya dibaca

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(pengganti) Cocokkan ekspresi reguler dengan konten ruang pola. Jika ditemukan, ganti string yang cocok dengan pengganti

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(tes) Cabang untuk memberi label hanya jika telah ada

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(tes) Cabang untuk memberi label hanya jika tidak ada

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(versi) Perintah ini tidak melakukan apa-apa, tetapi membuat

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tulis ruang pola ke nama file

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tulis ke nama file yang diberikan bagian dari ruang pola hingga baris baru pertama

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tukarkan isi ruang penangguhan dan pola

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Transliterasi karakter apa pun dalam ruang pola yang cocok dengan salah satu karakter sumber dengan karakter yang sesuai dalam karakter tujuan

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

(zap) Perintah ini mengosongkan isi ruang pola

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Sebuah komentar, hingga baris baru berikutnya

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Kelompokkan beberapa perintah bersama

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Cetak nomor baris input saat ini (dengan baris baru di belakang)

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tentukan lokasi label untuk perintah cabang (

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

3. 3 Perintah sed -n '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt _67

Perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Konsep dasarnya sederhana. perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Untuk detail tentang sintaks regexp lihat

Pengganti dapat berisi referensi

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Terakhir, sebagai ekstensi

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Turn the replacement to lowercase until a

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Mengubah karakter berikutnya menjadi huruf kecil,

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Ubah pengganti menjadi huruf besar sampai

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Ubah karakter berikutnya menjadi huruf besar,

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Stop case conversion started by

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Saat bendera

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

outputnya adalah 'axxB'. Saat mengganti '-' pertama, urutan '\ u' hanya memengaruhi penggantian kosong '\ 1'. Itu tidak memengaruhi

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Di sisi lain,

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

akan mengganti '-' dengan 'X' (huruf besar) dan 'b-' dengan 'Bx'. Jika perilaku ini tidak diinginkan, Anda dapat mencegahnya dengan menambahkan urutan '\E'—setelah '\1' dalam kasus ini

Untuk menyertakan

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Apply the replacement to all matches to the regexp, not just the first

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Hanya ganti kecocokan nomor dari regexp

interaction in

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Jika substitusi telah dilakukan, maka cetak ruang pola baru

Catatan. ketika opsi

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

If the substitution was made, then write out the result to the named file. Sebagai ekstensi

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

This command allows one to pipe input from a shell command into pattern space. If a substitution was made, the command that is found in pattern space is executed and pattern space is replaced with its output. A trailing newline is suppressed; results are undefined if the command to be executed contains a NUL character. This is a GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

The

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

The

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

3. 4 Perintah yang Sering Digunakan

Jika Anda menggunakan

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

[Tidak ada alamat yang diizinkan. ]

Karakter

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Jika Anda khawatir tentang portabilitas, ketahuilah bahwa beberapa implementasi

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Peringatan. jika dua karakter pertama dari skrip

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Keluar

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Contoh. berhenti setelah mencetak baris kedua

Perintah ini hanya menerima satu alamat. Perhatikan bahwa ruang pola saat ini dicetak jika cetak otomatis tidak dinonaktifkan dengan opsi -n. Kemampuan untuk mengembalikan kode keluar dari skrip

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Lihat juga GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Hapus ruang pola;

Contoh. hapus baris input kedua

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Cetak ruang pola (ke keluaran standar). Perintah ini biasanya hanya digunakan bersamaan dengan opsi baris perintah -n

Contoh. cetak hanya baris input kedua

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Jika cetak otomatis tidak dinonaktifkan, cetak ruang pola, lalu ganti ruang pola dengan baris input berikutnya. Jika tidak ada input lagi maka

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Perintah ini berguna untuk melewati baris (mis. g. memproses setiap baris ke-N)

Contoh. melakukan substitusi pada setiap baris ke-3 (i. e. dua

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Sekelompok perintah dapat diapit antara

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Contoh. lakukan substitusi lalu cetak baris input kedua

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

3. 5 Perintah yang Jarang Digunakan

Meskipun mungkin lebih jarang digunakan daripada yang ada di bagian sebelumnya, beberapa skrip

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Transliterasi karakter apa pun dalam ruang pola yang cocok dengan salah satu karakter sumber dengan karakter yang sesuai dalam karakter tujuan

Contoh. transliterasikan 'a-j' menjadi '0-9'

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

(Karakter

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Instance dari

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Lihat perintah

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Menambahkan teks setelah baris. Ini adalah ekstensi GNU untuk perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Contoh. Tambahkan kata 'halo' setelah baris kedua

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Memimpin spasi setelah perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Menambahkan teks setelah baris

Contoh. Tambahkan 'halo' setelah baris kedua (-. menunjukkan garis keluaran yang dicetak)

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Sebagai ekstensi GNU, perintah ini menerima dua alamat

Urutan melarikan diri dalam teks diproses, jadi Anda harus menggunakan

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Perintah dilanjutkan setelah baris terakhir tanpa garis miring terbalik (

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Sebagai ekstensi GNU, perintah dan teks

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

menyisipkan teks sebelum baris. Ini adalah ekstensi GNU untuk perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Contoh. Masukkan kata 'halo' sebelum baris kedua

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Memimpin spasi putih setelah perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Segera tampilkan baris teks yang mengikuti perintah ini

Contoh. Masukkan 'halo' sebelum baris kedua (-. menunjukkan garis keluaran yang dicetak)

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Sebagai ekstensi GNU, perintah ini menerima dua alamat

Urutan melarikan diri dalam teks diproses, jadi Anda harus menggunakan

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Perintah dilanjutkan setelah baris terakhir tanpa garis miring terbalik (

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Sebagai ekstensi GNU, perintah dan teks

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Mengganti baris dengan teks. Ini adalah ekstensi GNU untuk perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Contoh. Ganti baris ke-2 hingga ke-9 dengan kata 'halo'

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Memimpin spasi putih setelah perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Hapus baris yang cocok dengan alamat atau rentang alamat, dan tampilkan baris teks yang mengikuti perintah ini

Contoh. Ganti baris ke-2 hingga ke-4 dengan kata 'halo' dan 'dunia' (-. menunjukkan garis keluaran yang dicetak)

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

If no addresses are given, each line is replaced

Siklus baru dimulai setelah perintah ini selesai, karena ruang pola akan dihapus. Dalam contoh berikut,

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Sebagai ekstensi GNU, perintah dan teks

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Cetak nomor baris input saat ini (dengan baris baru di belakang)

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Sebagai ekstensi GNU, perintah ini menerima dua alamat

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Cetak ruang pola dalam bentuk yang tidak ambigu. karakter yang tidak dapat dicetak (dan karakter

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

n menentukan panjang pembungkus garis yang diinginkan; . Jika dihilangkan, default seperti yang ditentukan pada baris perintah akan digunakan. Parameter n adalah ekstensi

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Membaca nama file file. Contoh

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Queue the contents of filename to be read and inserted into the output stream at the end of the current cycle, or when the next input line is read. Perhatikan bahwa jika nama file tidak dapat dibaca, itu dianggap sebagai file kosong, tanpa indikasi kesalahan

Sebagai ekstensi

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Sebagai ekstensi GNU, perintah ini menerima dua alamat. File tersebut kemudian akan dibaca ulang dan disisipkan pada setiap baris alamat

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tulis ruang pola ke nama file. As a GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

File akan dibuat (atau dipotong) sebelum baris masukan pertama dibaca;

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Jika ruang pola tidak berisi baris baru, mulailah siklus baru yang normal seolah-olah perintah ________0______36 dikeluarkan. Jika tidak, hapus teks dalam ruang pola hingga baris baru pertama, dan mulai ulang siklus dengan ruang pola yang dihasilkan, tanpa membaca baris input baru

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Tambahkan baris baru ke ruang pola, lalu tambahkan baris input berikutnya ke ruang pola. Jika tidak ada input lagi maka

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Saat -z digunakan, nol byte (karakter ascii 'NUL') ditambahkan di antara baris (bukan baris baru)

Secara default

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Cetak bagian dari ruang pola hingga baris baru pertama

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Ganti isi ruang tunggu dengan isi ruang pola

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tambahkan baris baru ke konten ruang tunggu, lalu tambahkan konten ruang pola ke konten ruang tunggu

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Ganti isi ruang pola dengan isi ruang tunggu

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tambahkan baris baru ke konten ruang pola, lalu tambahkan konten ruang penahan ke konten ruang pola

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tukarkan isi ruang penangguhan dan pola

3. 6 Perintah untuk sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt _22 guru

Dalam kebanyakan kasus, penggunaan perintah ini menunjukkan bahwa Anda mungkin lebih baik memprogram sesuatu seperti

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

[Tidak ada alamat yang diizinkan. ]

Tentukan lokasi label untuk perintah cabang. In all other respects, a no-op

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Cabang tanpa syarat untuk memberi label. Label dapat dihilangkan, dalam hal ini siklus berikutnya dimulai

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Cabang untuk diberi label hanya jika telah terjadi

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

3. 7 Perintah Khusus untuk GNU sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt 22

Perintah-perintah ini khusus untuk GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Perintah ini memungkinkan seseorang untuk menyalurkan input dari perintah shell ke ruang pola. Tanpa parameter, perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Sebaliknya, jika parameter ditentukan, perintah ________19______41 menafsirkannya sebagai perintah dan mengirimkan keluarannya ke aliran keluaran. Perintah dapat dijalankan melintasi beberapa baris, semuanya kecuali yang terakhir diakhiri dengan garis miring terbalik

Dalam kedua kasus, hasilnya tidak terdefinisi jika perintah yang akan dieksekusi berisi karakter NUL

Perhatikan bahwa, tidak seperti perintah

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Cetak nama file dari file input saat ini (dengan baris baru)

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Perintah ini hanya menerima satu alamat

Perintah ini sama dengan

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Perintah ini dapat berguna karena satu-satunya cara alternatif untuk menyelesaikan fungsi yang tampaknya sepele ini adalah dengan menggunakan opsi -n (yang dapat memperumit skrip Anda secara tidak perlu) atau beralih ke cuplikan berikut, yang menghabiskan waktu dengan membaca seluruh file tanpa efek yang terlihat

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Antrean baris nama file untuk dibaca dan dimasukkan ke dalam aliran output pada akhir siklus saat ini, atau saat baris input berikutnya dibaca. Perhatikan bahwa jika nama file tidak dapat dibaca, atau jika akhirnya tercapai, tidak ada baris yang ditambahkan, tanpa indikasi kesalahan

Seperti perintah

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Cabang untuk diberi label hanya jika tidak ada

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Perintah ini tidak melakukan apa-apa, tetapi membuat

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Perintah ini mengaktifkan semua ekstensi GNU meskipun

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Tulis ke nama file yang diberikan bagian dari ruang pola hingga baris baru pertama. Semua yang dikatakan di bawah perintah

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Perintah ini mengosongkan konten ruang pola. Biasanya sama dengan 's/. *//’, tetapi lebih efisien dan berfungsi dengan adanya urutan multibyte yang tidak valid dalam aliran input. POSIX mengamanatkan bahwa urutan tersebut tidak cocok dengan '. ’, sehingga tidak ada cara portabel untuk menghapus buffer

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

3. 8 Sintaks beberapa perintah

Ada beberapa metode untuk menentukan banyak perintah dalam program

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Menggunakan baris baru paling alami saat menjalankan skrip sed dari file (menggunakan opsi -f)

Pada baris perintah, semua perintah

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Titik koma (';') dapat digunakan untuk memisahkan sebagian besar perintah sederhana

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Perintah ________21______78,

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Labels used in

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

3. 8. 1 Perintah Membutuhkan baris baru

Perintah berikut tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan titik koma dan memerlukan baris baru

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Semua karakter mengikuti

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Pisahkan perintah menggunakan -e atau baris baru

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Perhatikan bahwa menentukan teks untuk ditambahkan ('Halo') segera setelah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Semua karakter setelah '#' hingga baris baru berikutnya diabaikan

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Perintah ________23______54,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Perhatikan bahwa

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Karakter apa pun yang mengikuti perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Dalam perintah substitusi, flag

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

4 Alamat. memilih baris

4. 1 Ikhtisar alamat

Alamat menentukan pada baris mana perintah ________0______22 akan dieksekusi. Perintah berikut mengganti kata 'halo' dengan 'dunia' hanya pada baris 144

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Jika tidak ada alamat yang diberikan, perintah dilakukan di semua lini. Perintah berikut menggantikan kata 'halo' dengan 'dunia' di semua baris dalam file input

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

Alamat dapat berisi ekspresi reguler untuk mencocokkan baris berdasarkan konten, bukan nomor baris. Perintah berikut mengganti kata 'halo' dengan 'dunia' hanya pada baris yang mengandung kata 'apel'

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Rentang alamat ditentukan dengan dua alamat yang dipisahkan oleh koma (

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Menambahkan

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Perintah berikut ini mengganti kata ‘hello’ dengan ‘world’ hanya pada baris 1 sampai 3 dan 18 sampai baris terakhir file input (i. e. tidak termasuk baris 4 sampai 17)

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

4. 2 Memilih garis dengan angka

Alamat dalam skrip

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Menentukan nomor baris hanya akan cocok dengan baris tersebut di input. (Perhatikan bahwa

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Alamat ini cocok dengan baris terakhir dari file input terakhir, atau baris terakhir dari setiap file ketika opsi -i atau -s ditentukan

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Ekstensi GNU ini cocok dengan setiap baris langkah yang dimulai dengan baris pertama. Secara khusus, garis akan dipilih ketika ada non-negatif n sedemikian rupa sehingga nomor baris saat ini sama dengan + pertama (n * langkah). Jadi, seseorang akan menggunakan

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Perintah berikut menunjukkan penggunaan alamat langkah

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

4. 3 memilih baris dengan pencocokan teks

GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Ini akan memilih baris mana pun yang cocok dengan ekspresi reguler regexp. Jika regexp itu sendiri menyertakan

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Perintah berikut mencetak baris di /etc/passwd yang diakhiri dengan 'bash'

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Ekspresi reguler kosong '//' mengulangi pencocokan ekspresi reguler terakhir (sama berlaku jika ekspresi reguler kosong diteruskan ke perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

(The

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Ini juga cocok dengan regexp ekspresi reguler, tetapi memungkinkan seseorang untuk menggunakan pembatas yang berbeda dari

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Perintah berikut ini setara. Mereka mencetak baris yang dimulai dengan '/home/alice/documents/'

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Pengubah

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Dalam banyak bahasa pemrograman lainnya, huruf kecil

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Observe the difference between the following examples

Dalam contoh ini,

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Di sini,

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

The

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Alamat regex beroperasi pada konten ruang pola saat ini. Jika ruang pola diubah (misalnya dengan perintah

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Dalam contoh berikut, pencetakan otomatis dinonaktifkan dengan -n. Perintah ________35______67 mengubah baris yang berisi '2' menjadi 'X'. Perintah

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

4. 4 Rentang Alamat

Rentang alamat dapat ditentukan dengan menentukan dua alamat yang dipisahkan oleh koma (

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Jika alamat kedua adalah regexp, maka pemeriksaan kecocokan akhir akan dimulai dengan baris mengikuti baris yang cocok dengan alamat pertama. rentang akan selalu menjangkau setidaknya dua baris (kecuali tentu saja jika aliran input berakhir)

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

Jika alamat kedua adalah angka yang kurang dari (atau sama dengan) baris yang cocok dengan alamat pertama, maka hanya satu baris yang cocok

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Nomor baris

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Perhatikan bahwa ini adalah satu-satunya tempat di mana alamat ________35______73 masuk akal;

Contoh berikut menunjukkan perbedaan antara memulai dengan alamat 1 dan 0

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Mencocokkan addr1 dan garis N yang mengikuti addr1

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

addr1 dapat berupa nomor baris atau ekspresi reguler

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Mencocokkan addr1 dan baris yang mengikuti addr1 hingga baris berikutnya yang nomor baris inputnya adalah kelipatan N. Perintah berikut mencetak mulai dari baris 6, hingga baris berikutnya yang merupakan kelipatan 4 (mis. e. baris 8)

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

addr1 dapat berupa nomor baris atau ekspresi reguler

5 Ekspresi Reguler. memilih teks

5. 1 Gambaran ekspresi reguler di sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt 22

Untuk mengetahui cara menggunakan

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Perintah berikut mencetak baris yang berisi kata 'halo'

Contoh di atas setara dengan perintah ________35______87 ini

The power of regular expressions comes from the ability to include alternatives and repetitions in the pattern. Ini dikodekan dalam pola dengan menggunakan karakter khusus, yang tidak berdiri sendiri tetapi ditafsirkan dalam beberapa cara khusus

Karakter

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Bagian berikut menjelaskan arti dan penggunaan karakter khusus dalam ekspresi reguler

5. 2 Ekspresi reguler dasar (BRE) dan ekstensi (ERE).

Ekspresi reguler dasar dan diperluas adalah dua variasi sintaks dari pola yang ditentukan. Sintaks Ekspresi Reguler Dasar (BRE) adalah default di

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Di GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Dengan sintaks dasar (BRE), karakter ini tidak memiliki arti khusus kecuali diawali dengan garis miring terbalik ('\'); . karakter ini spesial kecuali jika diawali dengan garis miring terbalik ('\')

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

5. 3 Tinjauan tentang sintaks ekspresi reguler dasar

Berikut adalah deskripsi singkat sintaks ekspresi reguler seperti yang digunakan dalam

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

A single ordinary character matches itself

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Mencocokkan urutan nol atau lebih contoh kecocokan untuk ekspresi reguler sebelumnya, yang harus berupa karakter biasa, karakter khusus yang diawali dengan

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Matches any character, including newline

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Matches the null string at beginning of the pattern space, i. e. what appears after the circumflex must appear at the beginning of the pattern space

In most scripts, pattern space is initialized to the content of each line (see ). So, it is a useful simplification to think of

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

It is the same as

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches any single character in list. for example,

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

As

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

As

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

As

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches between i and j, inclusive, sequences

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches more than or equal to i sequences

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Groups the inner regexp as a whole, this is used to

• Apply postfix operators, like

  # WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
  sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE
  

  32. this will search for zero or more whole sequences of ‘abcd’, while

  # WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
  sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE
  

  33 would search for ‘abc’ followed by zero or more occurrences of ‘d’. Note that support for

  # WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
  sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE
  

  32 is required by POSIX 1003. 1-2001, but many non-GNU implementations do not support it and hence it is not universally portable
• Use back references (see below)

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches either regexp1 or regexp2. Use parentheses to use complex alternative regular expressions. The matching process tries each alternative in turn, from left to right, and the first one that succeeds is used. It is a GNU extension

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches the concatenation of regexp1 and regexp2. Concatenation binds more tightly than

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches the digit-th

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Matches the newline character

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches char, where char is one of

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Note that the regular expression matcher is greedy, i. e. , matches are attempted from left to right and, if two or more matches are possible starting at the same character, it selects the longest

Examples

Matches ‘abcdef’

Matches zero or more ‘a’s followed by a single ‘b’. For example, ‘b’ or ‘aaaaab’

Matches ‘b’ or ‘ab’

Matches one or more ‘a’s followed by one or more ‘b’s. ‘ab’ is the shortest possible match, but other examples are ‘aaaab’ or ‘abbbbb’ or ‘aaaaaabbbbbbb’

These two both match all the characters in a string; however, the first matches every string (including the empty string), while the second matches only strings containing at least one character

This matches a string starting with ‘main’, followed by an opening and closing parenthesis. The ‘n’, ‘(’ and ‘)’ need not be adjacent

This matches a string beginning with ‘#’

This matches a string ending with a single backslash. The regexp contains two backslashes for escaping

Instead, this matches a string consisting of a single dollar sign, because it is escaped

In the C locale, this matches any ASCII letters or digits

(Here TAB stands for a single tab character. ) This matches a string of one or more characters, none of which is a space or a tab. Usually this means a word

This matches a string consisting of two equal substrings separated by a newline

This matches nine characters followed by an ‘A’ at the end of a line

This matches the start of a string that contains 16 characters, the last of which is an ‘A’

5. 4 Overview of extended regular expression syntax

The only difference between basic and extended regular expressions is in the behavior of a few characters. ‘?’, ‘+’, parentheses, braces (‘{}’), and ‘. ’. While basic regular expressions require these to be escaped if you want them to behave as special characters, when using extended regular expressions you must escape them if you want them to match a literal character. ‘. ’ is special here because ‘\. ’ is a GNU extension – standard basic regular expressions do not provide its functionality

Examples

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

becomes ‘abc\?’ when using extended regular expressions. It matches the literal string ‘abc?’

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

becomes ‘c+’ when using extended regular expressions. It matches one or more ‘c’s

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

becomes ‘a{3,}’ when using extended regular expressions. It matches three or more ‘a’s

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

becomes ‘(abc){2,3}’ when using extended regular expressions. It matches either ‘abcabc’ or ‘abcabcabc’

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

becomes ‘(abc*)\1’ when using extended regular expressions. Backreferences must still be escaped when using extended regular expressions

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

becomes ‘a. b’ when using extended regular expressions. It matches ‘a’ or ‘b’

5. 5 Character Classes and Bracket Expressions

A bracket expression is a list of characters enclosed by ‘[’ and ‘]’. It matches any single character in that list; if the first character of the list is the caret ‘^’, then it matches any character not in the list. For example, the following command replaces the words ‘gray’ or ‘grey’ with ‘blue’

Bracket expressions can be used in both and regular expressions (that is, with or without the -E/-r options)

Within a bracket expression, a range expression consists of two characters separated by a hyphen. It matches any single character that sorts between the two characters, inclusive. In the default C locale, the sorting sequence is the native character order; for example, ‘[a-d]’ is equivalent to ‘[abcd]’

Finally, certain named classes of characters are predefined within bracket expressions, as follows

Kelas bernama ini harus digunakan di dalam tanda kurung itu sendiri. Penggunaan yang benar

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Penggunaan yang salah ditolak oleh versi

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

Karakter alfanumerik. '[. alpha. ]' dan '[. angka. ]’; in the ‘C’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is the same as ‘[0-9A-Za-z]’

Alphabetic characters. ‘[. lower. ]’ and ‘[. upper. ]’; in the ‘C’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is the same as ‘[A-Za-z]’

Blank characters. space and tab

Control characters. In ASCII, these characters have octal codes 000 through 037, and 177 (DEL). In other character sets, these are the equivalent characters, if any

Digits.

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Graphical characters. ‘[. alnum. ]’ and ‘[. punct. ]’

Lower-case letters; in the ‘C’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Printable characters. ‘[. alnum. ]’, ‘[. punct. ]’, and space

Punctuation characters; in the ‘C’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Space characters. in the ‘C’ locale, this is tab, newline, vertical tab, form feed, carriage return, and space

Upper-case letters. in the ‘C’ locale and ASCII character encoding, this is

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Hexadecimal digits.

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Note that the brackets in these class names are part of the symbolic names, and must be included in addition to the brackets delimiting the bracket expression

Most meta-characters lose their special meaning inside bracket expressions

ends the bracket expression if it’s not the first list item. So, if you want to make the ‘]’ character a list item, you must put it first

represents the range if it’s not first or last in a list or the ending point of a range

represents the characters not in the list. If you want to make the ‘^’ character a list item, place it anywhere but first

TODO. incorporate this paragraph (copied verbatim from BRE section)

The characters

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed OPTIONS.. [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE...]

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

represents the open collating symbol

represents the close collating symbol

represents the open equivalence class

represents the close equivalence class

represents the open character class symbol, and should be followed by a valid character class name

represents the close character class symbol

5. 6 regular expression extensions

The following sequences have special meaning inside regular expressions (used in and the

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

These can be used in both and regular expressions (that is, with or without the -E/-r options)

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches any “word” character. A “word” character is any letter or digit or the underscore character

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches any “non-word” character

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches a word boundary; that is it matches if the character to the left is a “word” character and the character to the right is a “non-word” character, or vice-versa

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches everywhere but on a word boundary; that is it matches if the character to the left and the character to the right are either both “word” characters or both “non-word” characters

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches whitespace characters (spaces and tabs). Newlines embedded in the pattern/hold spaces will also match

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches non-whitespace characters

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches the beginning of a word

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Matches the end of a word

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Matches only at the start of pattern space. This is different from

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Compare the following two examples

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

Matches only at the end of pattern space. This is different from

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

5. 7 Back-references and Subexpressions

back-references are regular expression commands which refer to a previous part of the matched regular expression. Back-references are specified with backslash and a single digit (e. g. ‘\1’). Bagian dari ekspresi reguler yang mereka rujuk disebut subekspresi, dan ditandai dengan tanda kurung

Referensi balik dan subekspresi digunakan dalam dua kasus. in the regular expression search pattern, and in the replacement part of the

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

In a regular expression pattern, back-references are used to match the same content as a previously matched subexpression. Dalam contoh berikut, subekspresi adalah '. ' - karakter tunggal apa pun (dikelilingi oleh tanda kurung menjadikannya subekspresi). Referensi belakang '\1' meminta untuk mencocokkan konten yang sama (karakter yang sama) sebagai sub-ekspresi

The command below matches words starting with any character, followed by the letter ‘o’, followed by the same character as the first

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Multiple subexpressions are automatically numbered from left-to-right. This command searches for 6-letter palindromes (the first three letters are 3 subexpressions, followed by 3 back-references in reverse order)

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Pada perintah

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Contoh berikut menggunakan dua subekspresi dalam ekspresi reguler untuk mencocokkan dua kata yang dipisahkan spasi. Referensi belakang di bagian pengganti mencetak kata-kata dalam urutan yang berbeda

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

When used with alternation, if the group does not participate in the match then the back-reference makes the whole match fail. For example, ‘a(. ). b\1’ will not match ‘ba’. When multiple regular expressions are given with -e or from a file (‘-f file’), back-references are local to each expression

5. 8 Escape Sequences - specifying special characters

Until this chapter, we have only encountered escapes of the form ‘\^’, which tell

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

This chapter introduces another kind of escape—that is, escapes that are applied to a character or sequence of characters that ordinarily are taken literally, and that

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

The list of these escapes is

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Produces or matches a BEL character, that is an “alert” (ASCII 7)

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Produces or matches a form feed (ASCII 12)

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Produces or matches a newline (ASCII 10)

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Produces or matches a carriage return (ASCII 13)

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

Produces or matches a horizontal tab (ASCII 9)

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Produces or matches a so called “vertical tab” (ASCII 11)

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Produces or matches CONTROL-x, where x is any character. The precise effect of ‘\cx’ is as follows. if x is a lower case letter, it is converted to upper case. Then bit 6 of the character (hex 40) is inverted. Thus ‘\cz’ becomes hex 1A, but ‘\c{’ becomes hex 3B, while ‘\c;’ becomes hex 7B

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Produces or matches a character whose decimal ASCII value is xxx

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Produces or matches a character whose octal ASCII value is xxx

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Produces or matches a character whose hexadecimal ASCII value is xx

‘\b’ (backspace) was omitted because of the conflict with the existing “word boundary” meaning

5. 8. 1 Escaping Precedence

GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

As are the following (‘0x5b’,‘0x5d’ are the hexadecimal ASCII values of ‘[’,‘]’, respectively)

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

However it is recommended to avoid such special characters due to unexpected edge-cases. For example, the following are not equivalent

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

5. 9 Multibyte characters and Locale Considerations

GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

The following example uses the Greek letter Capital Sigma (Σ, Unicode code point

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Untuk memaksa

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

5. 9. 1 Invalid multibyte characters

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

In the following examples, the ascii value

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Similarly, the ’catch-all’ regular expression ‘. *’ does not match the entire line

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Alternatively, force the

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

The following

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

With a few more commands,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

5. 9. 2 Upper/Lower case conversion

GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

See

5. 9. 3 Multibyte regexp character classes

In other locales, the sorting sequence is not specified, and ‘[a-d]’ might be equivalent to ‘[abcd]’ or to ‘[aBbCcDd]’, or it might fail to match any character, or the set of characters that it matches might even be erratic. To obtain the traditional interpretation of bracket expressions, you can use the ‘C’ locale by setting the

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

Their interpretation depends on the

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

TODO. show example of collation

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

6 Advanced sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt 22. cycles and buffers

6. 1 How sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt 22 Works

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

When the end of the script is reached, unless the -n option is in use, the contents of pattern space are printed out to the output stream, adding back the trailing newline if it was removed. Then the next cycle starts for the next input line

Unless special commands (like ‘D’) are used, the pattern space is deleted between two cycles. The hold space, on the other hand, keeps its data between cycles (see commands ‘h’, ‘H’, ‘x’, ‘g’, ‘G’ to move data between both buffers)

6. 2 Hold dan Pattern Buffer

TODO

6. 3 Multiline techniques - using D,G,H,N,P to process multiple lines

Multiple lines can be processed as one buffer using the

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

They operate as follows

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

deletes line from the pattern space until the first newline, and restarts the cycle

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

appends line from the hold space to the pattern space, with a newline before it

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

menambahkan baris dari ruang pola ke ruang tunggu, dengan baris baru di depannya

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

appends line from the input file to the pattern space

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

prints line from the pattern space until the first newline

The following example illustrates the operation of

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

1. sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
   

   22 starts by reading the first line into the pattern space (i. e. ‘1’)
2. At the beginning of every cycle, the

   sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
   

   71 command appends a newline and the next line to the pattern space (i. e. ‘1’, ‘\n’, ‘2’ in the first cycle)
3. The

   sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
   

   67 command prints the content of the pattern space unambiguously
4. The

   sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt
   

   39 command then removes the content of pattern space up to the first newline (leaving ‘2’ at the end of the first cycle)
5. At the next cycle the

   sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
   

   71 command appends a newline and the next input line to the pattern space (e. g. ‘2’, ‘\n’, ‘3’)

A common technique to process blocks of text such as paragraphs (instead of line-by-line) is using the following construct

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

1. The first expression,

   $ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
   42
   

   74 operates on all non-empty lines, and adds the current line (in the pattern space) to the hold space. On all lines except the last, the pattern space is deleted and the cycle is restarted
2. The other expressions

   sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt
   

   75 and

   sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt
   

   67 are executed only on empty lines (i. e. paragraph separators). The

   sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt
   

   75 command fetches the accumulated lines from the hold space back to the pattern space. The

   $ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
   3
   
   $ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
   SED PROGRAM:
     /1/ s/1/3/
   INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
   PATTERN: 1
   COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
   PATTERN: 3
   END-OF-CYCLE:
   3
   

   66 command then operates on all the text in the paragraph (including the embedded newlines)

The following example demonstrates this technique

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

For more annotated examples, see and

6. 4 Branching and Flow Control

The branching commands

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

By default,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

delete (clears) the current pattern space, and restart the program cycle without processing the rest of the commands and without printing the pattern space

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

delete the contents of the pattern space up to the first newline, and restart the program cycle without processing the rest of the commands and without printing the pattern space

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Addresses and regular expressions can be used as an

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

branch unconditionally (that is. always jump to a label, skipping or repeating other commands, without restarting a new cycle). Combined with an address, the branch can be conditionally executed on matched lines

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

branch conditionally (that is. jump to a label) only if a

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

similar but opposite to the

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

The following two

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

6. 4. 1 Branching and Cycles

The

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

The following program is a no-op. The

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

The following example is an infinite-loop - it doesn’t terminate and doesn’t print anything. The

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

Branching is often complemented with the

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Consider the following two examples

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

• Both examples do not inf-loop, despite never starting a new cycle
• In the first example, the

  sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt
  

  52 commands first prints the content of the pattern space, empties the pattern space then reads the next input line
• In the second example, the

  sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
  

  71 commands appends the next input line to the pattern space (with a newline). Lines are accumulated in the pattern space until there are no more input lines to read, then the

  sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
  

  71 command terminates the

  sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
  

  22 program. When the program terminates, the end-of-cycle actions are performed, and the entire pattern space is printed
• The second example requires GNU

  sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
  

  22, because it uses the non-POSIX-standard behavior of

  sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
  

  71. See the “

  sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
  

  71 command on the last line” paragraph in
• To further examine the difference between the two examples, try the following commands

  sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
  sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
  cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt
  

  00

6. 4. 2 Branching example. joining lines

As a real-world example of using branching, consider the case of quoted-printable files, typically used to encode email messages. In these files long lines are split and marked with a soft line break consisting of a single ‘=’ character at the end of the line

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

The following program uses an address match ‘/=$/’ as a conditional. If the current pattern space ends with a ‘=’, it reads the next input line using

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Here’s an alternative program with a slightly different approach. On all lines except the last,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

For more line-joining examples see

7 Some Sample Scripts

Here are some

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

7. 1 Joining lines

This section uses

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Join specific lines (e. g. if lines 2 and 3 need to be joined)

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Join backslash-continued lines

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Join lines that start with whitespace (e. g SMTP headers)

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 2 Centering Lines

This script centers all lines of a file on a 80 columns width. To change that width, the number in

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

Note how the buffer commands are used to separate parts in the regular expressions to be matched—this is a common technique

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 3 Increment a Number

This script is one of a few that demonstrate how to do arithmetic in

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

To increment one number you just add 1 to last digit, replacing it by the following digit. There is one exception. when the digit is a nine the previous digits must be also incremented until you don’t have a nine

This solution by Bruno Haible is very clever and smart because it uses a single buffer; if you don’t have this limitation, the algorithm used in , is faster. It works by replacing trailing nines with an underscore, then using multiple

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 4 Rename Files to Lower Case

This is a pretty strange use of

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

The main body of this is the

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 5 Print sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt 47 Environment

This script strips the definition of the shell functions from the output of the

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 6 Reverse Characters of Lines

This script can be used to reverse the position of characters in lines. The technique moves two characters at a time, hence it is faster than more intuitive implementations

Note the

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Pembaca yang imajinatif akan menemukan kegunaan dari skrip ini. An example is reversing the output of

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 7 Text search across multiple lines

This section uses

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

Contoh-contoh ini berurusan dengan menemukan kemunculan kata yang berlipat ganda dalam sebuah dokumen

Finding doubled words in a single line is easy using GNU

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

• The regular expression ‘\b\w+\s+’ searches for word-boundary (‘\b’), followed by one-or-more word-characters (‘\w+’), followed by whitespace (‘\s+’). See
• Adding parentheses around the ‘(\w+)’ expression creates a subexpression. The regular expression pattern ‘(PATTERN)\s+\1’ defines a subexpression (in the parentheses) followed by a back-reference, separated by whitespace. A successful match means the PATTERN was repeated twice in succession. See
• The word-boundery expression (‘\b’) at both ends ensures partial words are not matched (e. g. ‘the then’ is not a desired match)
• Opsi -E mengaktifkan sintaks ekspresi reguler yang diperluas, mengurangi kebutuhan untuk menambahkan garis miring terbalik sebelum tanda kurung. See

When the doubled word span two lines the above regular expression will not find them as

$ echo 1 | sed '\%1%s21232'
3

$ echo 1 | sed --debug '\%1%s21232'
SED PROGRAM:
  /1/ s/1/3/
INPUT:   'STDIN' line 1
PATTERN: 1
COMMAND: /1/ s/1/3/
PATTERN: 3
END-OF-CYCLE:
3

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

By using

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

• The

  sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
  

  71 command appends the next line to the pattern space (thus ensuring it contains two consecutive lines in every cycle)
• The regular expression uses ‘\s+’ for word separator which matches both spaces and newlines
• The regular expression matches, the entire pattern space is printed with

  sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt
  

  37. No lines are printed by default due to the -n option
• The

  sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt
  

  39 removes the first line from the pattern space (up until the first newline), readying it for the next cycle

See the GNU

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

7. 8 Line length adjustment

This section uses

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

This (somewhat contrived) example deal with formatting and wrapping lines of text of the following input file

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

The following sed program wraps lines at 40 characters

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

The wrapped output

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 9 Reverse Lines of Files

This one begins a series of totally useless (yet interesting) scripts emulating various Unix commands. This, in particular, is a

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

Note that on implementations other than GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 10 Numbering Lines

This script replaces ‘cat -n’; in fact it formats its output exactly like GNU

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

Of course this is completely useless and for two reasons. first, because somebody else did it in C, second, because the following Bourne-shell script could be used for the same purpose and would be much faster

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

It uses

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

The algorithm used for incrementing uses both buffers, so the line is printed as soon as possible and then discarded. The number is split so that changing digits go in a buffer and unchanged ones go in the other; the changed digits are modified in a single step (using a

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 11 Numbering Non-blank Lines

Emulating ‘cat -b’ is almost the same as ‘cat -n’—we only have to select which lines are to be numbered and which are not

The part that is common to this script and the previous one is not commented to show how important it is to comment

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 12 Counting Characters

This script shows another way to do arithmetic with

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

The approach is to map numbers to letters, kind of an abacus implemented with

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

As usual, running totals are kept in hold space

On the last line, we convert the abacus form back to decimal. For the sake of variety, this is done with a loop rather than with some 80

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 13 Counting Words

This script is almost the same as the previous one, once each of the words on the line is converted to a single ‘a’ (in the previous script each letter was changed to an ‘a’)

It is interesting that real

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

Again, the common parts are not commented to show the importance of commenting

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 14 Counting Lines

No strange things are done now, because

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

7. 15 Printing the First Lines

This script is probably the simplest useful

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

7. 16 Printing the Last Lines

Printing the last n lines rather than the first is more complex but indeed possible. n is encoded in the second line, before the bang character

This script is similar to the

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Mainly, the scripts keeps a window of 10 lines and slides it by adding a line and deleting the oldest (the substitution command on the second line works like a

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

The “sliding window” technique is a very powerful way to write efficient and complex

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

To introduce the technique, which is fully demonstrated in the rest of this chapter and is based on the

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed '30,35d' input.txt > output.txt

This looks complicated but in fact the working is the same as the last script. after we have kicked in the appropriate number of lines, however, we stop using the hold space to keep inter-line state, and instead use

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Note how the first, second and fourth line are inactive after the first ten lines of input. After that, all the script does is. exiting on the last line of input, appending the next input line to pattern space, and removing the first line

7. 17 Make Duplicate Lines Unique

This is an example of the art of using the

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

As you can see, we maintain a 2-line window using

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

7. 18 Print Duplicated Lines of Input

This script prints only duplicated lines, like ‘uniq -d’

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

7. 19 Remove All Duplicated Lines

This script prints only unique lines, like ‘uniq -u’

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

7. 20 Squeezing Blank Lines

As a final example, here are three scripts, of increasing complexity and speed, that implement the same function as ‘cat -s’, that is squeezing blank lines

The first leaves a blank line at the beginning and end if there are some already

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

This one is a bit more complex and removes all empty lines at the beginning. It does leave a single blank line at end if one was there

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

This removes leading and trailing blank lines. It is also the fastest. Note that loops are completely done with

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

8 GNU sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt 22’s Limitations and Non-limitations

For those who want to write portable

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

However, recursion is used to handle subpatterns and indefinite repetition. This means that the available stack space may limit the size of the buffer that can be processed by certain patterns

9 Other Resources for Learning About sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt 22

For up to date information about GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Send general questions and suggestions to sed-devel@gnu. org. Visit the mailing list archives for past discussions at https. //lists. gnu. org/archive/html/sed-devel/

The following resources provide information about

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

10 Reporting Bugs

Email bug reports to bug-sed@gnu. org. Selain itu, harap sertakan keluaran 'sed --version' di badan laporan Anda jika memungkinkan

Please do not send a bug report like this

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

If GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

A stand-alone test case includes all the data necessary to perform the test, and the specific invocation of

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Here are a few commonly reported bugs that are not bugs

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Most versions of

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

Default behavior (gnu extension, non-POSIX conforming)

To force POSIX-conforming behavior

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

For example, the behavior of

would depend on whether foo has an even or an odd number of lines. Or, when writing a script to read the next few lines following a pattern match, traditional implementations of

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

instead of just

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

In any case, the simplest workaround is to use

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

sed -e 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed --expression='s/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt

echo 's/hello/world/' > myscript.sed
sed -f myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt
sed --file=myscript.sed input.txt > output.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

As in all GNU programs that use POSIX basic regular expressions,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

This syntax may cause problems when running scripts written for other

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

On the other hand, some scripts use s. abc\. def. g to remove occurrences of either

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -n  '1p ; $p' one.txt two.txt three.txt

In addition, this version of

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

# WRONG USAGE: 'FILE' will be truncated.
sed -ni 's/foo/bar/' FILE

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

In short, ‘sed -i’ will let you delete the contents of a read-only file, and in general the -i option (see ) lets you clobber protected files. This is not a bug, but rather a consequence of how the Unix file system works

The permissions on a file say what can happen to the data in that file, while the permissions on a directory say what can happen to the list of files in that directory. ‘sed -i’ will not ever open for writing a file that is already on disk. Rather, it will work on a temporary file that is finally renamed to the original name. if you rename or delete files, you’re actually modifying the contents of the directory, so the operation depends on the permissions of the directory, not of the file. For this same reason,

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

There is no line 0. 0 is a special address that is only used to treat addresses like

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

You are encountering problems with locales. POSIX mandates that

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

Another problem is that

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

To work around these problems, which may cause bugs in shell scripts, set the

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Ini terjadi jika aliran input Anda menyertakan urutan multibyte yang tidak valid. POSIX mandates that such sequences are not matched by ‘. ’, so that ‘s/. *//’ will not clear pattern space as you would expect. In fact, there is no way to clear sed’s buffers in the middle of the script in most multibyte locales (including UTF-8 locales). For this reason, GNU

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

To work around these problems, which may cause bugs in shell scripts, set the

sed 's/hello/world/' input.txt > output.txt
sed 's/hello/world/' < input.txt > output.txt
cat input.txt | sed 's/hello/world/' - > output.txt

$ echo | sed 'Q42' ; echo $?
42

Appendix A GNU Free Documentation License

Version 1. 3, 3 November 2008

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

1. PREAMBLE

   The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document free in the sense of freedom. to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others

   This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software

   We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation. a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference

2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

   This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The “Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law

   A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language

   A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics. ) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them

   The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none

   The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words

   A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. Format gambar tidak Transparan jika digunakan untuk sejumlah besar teks. Salinan yang tidak "Transparan" disebut "Buram"

   Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only

   The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title Page” means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text

   The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies of the Document to the public

   A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”. ) To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according to this definition

   The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties. any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License

3. VERBATIM COPYING

   You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3

   You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies

4. COPYING IN QUANTITY

   If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts. Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects

   If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages

   If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public

   It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document

5. MODIFICATIONS

   You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version

   1. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version if the original publisher of that version gives permission
   2. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement
   3. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher
   4. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document
   5. Tambahkan pemberitahuan hak cipta yang sesuai untuk modifikasi Anda di samping pemberitahuan hak cipta lainnya
   6. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below
   7. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license notice
   8. Include an unaltered copy of this License
   9. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence
   10. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the “History” section. You may omit a network location for a work that was published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission
   11. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”, Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein
   12. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles
   13. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version
   14. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled “Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section
   15. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers

   If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. Untuk melakukannya, tambahkan judulnya ke daftar Bagian Invarian dalam pemberitahuan lisensi Versi Modifikasi. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles

   Anda dapat menambahkan bagian Berjudul "Pengesahan", asalkan tidak berisi apa-apa selain pengesahan Versi Modifikasi Anda oleh berbagai pihak—misalnya, pernyataan tinjauan sejawat atau bahwa teks tersebut telah disetujui oleh suatu organisasi sebagai definisi otoritatif dari suatu standar

   You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one

   The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version

6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

   You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers

   The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work

   In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled “History” in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled “Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements. ”

7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

   You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects

   You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document

8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

   A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document

   If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate

9. TRANSLATION

   Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail

   If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title

10. TERMINATION

    You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License

    However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation

    Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice

    Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the same material does not give you any rights to use it

11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

    The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See https. //www. gnu. org/copyleft/

    Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document

12. RELICENSING

    “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site

    “CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3. 0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license published by that same organization

    “Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or in part, as part of another Document

    An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this License, and if all works that were first published under this License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008

    The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing

ADDENDUM. How to use this License for your documents

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of the License in the document and put the following copyright and license notices just after the title page

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the “with…Texts. ” line with this

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software

Concept Index

This is a general index of all issues discussed in this manual, with the exception of the

sed -i 's/hello/world/' file.txt

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