Python functions are first-class citizens. This means that functions have equal status with other objects in Python. Functions can be assigned to variables, stored in collections, created and deleted dynamically, or passed as arguments. Show A nested function, also called an inner function, is a function defined inside another function. #!/usr/bin/python
def main():
def build_message(name):
msg = f'Hello {name}'
return msg
name = input("Enter your name: ")
msg = build_message(name)
print(msg)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
The #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
2 is a nested function. It is defined and invoked inside its outer #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
3 function.A closure is a nested function which has access to a free variable from an enclosing function that has finished its execution. Three characteristics of a Python closure are:
A free variable is a variable that is not bound in the local scope. In order for closures to work with immutable variables such as numbers and strings, we have to use the #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
4 keyword.Python closures help avoiding the usage of global values and provide some form of data hiding. They are used in Python decorators. Python simple closure exampleThe following is a simple example of a Python closure. #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
In the example, we have a #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
5 function, which creates and returns a function. The nested #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
6 function is the closure.myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
The #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
5 function returns a #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
6 function and assigns it to the #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
9 variable. At this moment, it has finished its execution. However, the #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
6 closure still has access to the myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
1 variable.Advertisements$ ./simple_closure.py hi there hi there hi there The #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
4 keyword allows us to modify a variable with immutable type in the outer function scope.#!/usr/bin/python
def make_counter():
count = 0
def inner():
nonlocal count
count += 1
return count
return inner
counter = make_counter()
c = counter()
print(c)
c = counter()
print(c)
c = counter()
print(c)
The example creates a counter function. def make_counter():
count = 0
def inner():
nonlocal count
count += 1
return count
return inner
By using the #!/usr/bin/python
def make_printer(msg):
msg = "hi there"
def printer():
print(msg)
return printer
myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
myprinter()
myprinter()
myprinter()
4 keyword, the myprinter = make_printer("Hello there")
4 variable becomes a free variable. Now we can modify it.
What is nested function in Python?Inner functions, also known as nested functions, are functions that you define inside other functions. In Python, this kind of function has direct access to variables and names defined in the enclosing function. Inner functions have many uses, most notably as closure factories and decorator functions.
What is nested function give example?In computer programming, a nested function (or nested procedure or subroutine) is a function which is defined within another function, the enclosing function.
What is nested if in Python with example?A nested if statement is an if statement that is nested (meaning, inside) another if statement or if/else statement. Those statements test true/false conditions and then take an appropriate action (Lutz, 2013; Matthes, 2016). That's how we execute Python code conditionally (Python Docs, n.d.).
Can we call a nested function in Python?Nested function in Python
The nested function works similar to the normal function. It executes when display_name() is called inside the function greet() .
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