Bagaimana Anda menghitung input dengan python?

Membangun Counter

Ada beberapa cara bagi Anda untuk membuat

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> ________0______

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> inventory = Counter(
..     apple=10,
..     orange=15,
..     banana=0,
..     tomato=-15
.. )

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Catatan. Di

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Ada cara lain untuk membuat

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Penghitung sekarang memiliki grup awal pasangan hitungan kunci. Cara membuat instance

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Anda juga dapat menghasilkan hasil serupa dengan menggunakan argumen kata kunci saat memanggil konstruktor kelas

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> Counter(i=4, s=4, p=2, m=1)
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Sekali lagi, Anda dapat menggunakan pendekatan ini untuk membuat objek

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Dalam praktiknya, jika Anda menggunakan

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> Counter(i=4, s=4, p=2, m=1)
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> Counter(set("mississippi"))
Counter({'p': 1, 's': 1, 'm': 1, 'i': 1})

Set python menyimpan objek unik, jadi panggilan ke

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
>>> letters
Counter({'i': 6, 's': 6, 'p': 2, 'm': 2, 'o': 1, 'u': 1, 'r': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
>>> letters
Counter({'i': 6, 's': 6, 'p': 2, 'm': 2, 'o': 1, 'u': 1, 'r': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
>>> letters
Counter({'i': 6, 's': 6, 'p': 2, 'm': 2, 'o': 1, 'u': 1, 'r': 1})

Tidak ada batasan pada objek yang dapat Anda simpan di kunci dan nilai penghitung. Kunci dapat menyimpan objek hashable, sedangkan nilainya dapat menyimpan objek apa pun. Namun, untuk berfungsi sebagai penghitung, nilainya harus bilangan bulat yang mewakili hitungan

Berikut ini contoh contoh

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> inventory = Counter(
..     apple=10,
..     orange=15,
..     banana=0,
..     tomato=-15
.. )

Dalam contoh ini, Anda mungkin bertanya, “Mengapa saya memiliki

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
>>> letters
Counter({'i': 6, 's': 6, 'p': 2, 'm': 2, 'o': 1, 'u': 1, 'r': 1})

Memperbarui Jumlah Objek

Setelah Anda memiliki instance

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> Counter(set("mississippi"))
Counter({'p': 1, 's': 1, 'm': 1, 'i': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Anda dapat menggunakan

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
>>> letters
Counter({'i': 6, 's': 6, 'p': 2, 'm': 2, 'o': 1, 'u': 1, 'r': 1})

Sekarang Anda memiliki

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Catatan. Seperti yang sudah Anda ketahui, tidak ada batasan nilai (hitungan) yang bisa Anda simpan di counter

Menggunakan objek selain bilangan bulat untuk penghitungan akan merusak fitur penghitung umum

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

Dalam contoh ini, jumlah huruf adalah string, bukan nilai bilangan bulat. Ini melanggar

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Cara kedua untuk menggunakan

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>>

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Pada contoh pertama, Anda memperbarui penghitung yang ada,

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

Catatan. Anda juga dapat menggunakan

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Selanjutnya, Anda menggunakan kamus biasa yang berisi item dan hitungan. Dalam hal ini,

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

Mengakses Konten Penghitung

Seperti yang sudah Anda ketahui,

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> Counter(set("mississippi"))
Counter({'p': 1, 's': 1, 'm': 1, 'i': 1})

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>>

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Dalam contoh ini, Anda mengakses dan mengulangi kunci (huruf) dan nilai (jumlah) penghitung Anda menggunakan antarmuka kamus yang sudah dikenal, yang menyertakan metode seperti

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Catatan. Jika Anda ingin mempelajari lebih dalam tentang cara mengulang melalui kamus, lihat Cara Mengulang Melalui Kamus dengan Python

Poin terakhir yang perlu diperhatikan tentang

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>>

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Karena huruf

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> inventory = Counter(
..     apple=10,
..     orange=15,
..     banana=0,
..     tomato=-15
.. )

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Menemukan Objek Paling Umum

Jika Anda perlu membuat daftar sekelompok objek menurut frekuensinya, atau berapa kali mereka muncul, maka Anda dapat menggunakannya. Metode ini mengembalikan daftar

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Jika Anda memberikan bilangan bulat

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>>

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Dalam contoh ini, Anda menggunakan

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Anda juga bisa mendapatkan objek yang paling tidak umum dengan hasil

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>>

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Pengirisan pertama,

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Catatan. Lihat Daftar Reverse Python. Di luar. reverse() dan reversed() untuk contoh langsung penggunaan sintaks pemotongan

Jika Anda ingin

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Menghitung Huruf dalam File Teks

Katakanlah Anda memiliki file yang berisi beberapa teks. Anda perlu menghitung berapa kali setiap huruf muncul dalam teks. Misalnya, Anda memiliki file bernama

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Ya, inilah The Zen of Python, daftar prinsip panduan yang menentukan filosofi inti di balik desain Python. Untuk menghitung berapa kali setiap huruf muncul dalam teks ini, Anda dapat memanfaatkan

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Begini cara kerja kode ini

• Baris 5 mendefinisikan ________11______49. Fungsi ini menggunakan jalur file berbasis string sebagai argumen
• Baris 6 membuat penghitung kosong untuk menghitung huruf dalam teks target
• Baris 7 membuka file input untuk dibaca dan membuat iterator di atas konten file
• Baris 8 memulai perulangan yang berulang melalui konten file baris demi baris
• Baris 9 hingga 11 menentukan pemahaman daftar untuk mengecualikan karakter nonhuruf dari baris saat ini menggunakan. Pemahaman menurunkan huruf kecil sebelum memfilternya untuk mencegah jumlah huruf kecil dan huruf besar terpisah
• Panggilan saluran 12

  >>> from collections import Counter
  
  >>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})
  
  >>> letters.update("missouri")
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
  TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str
  

  _0 pada penghitung huruf untuk memperbarui jumlah setiap huruf

Untuk menggunakan

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> ________11______7

Besar. Kode Anda menghitung frekuensi setiap huruf dalam file teks tertentu. Ahli bahasa sering menggunakan frekuensi huruf untuk identifikasi bahasa. Dalam bahasa Inggris, misalnya, studi tentang frekuensi huruf rata-rata mengungkapkan bahwa lima huruf yang paling umum adalah "e", "t", "a", "o", dan "i". " Wow. Itu hampir cocok dengan hasil Anda

Merencanakan Data Kategorikal Dengan Bagan Batang ASCII

Statistik adalah bidang lain di mana Anda dapat menggunakan

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Sekarang katakanlah Anda ingin membuat fungsi yang memungkinkan Anda membuat bagan batang ASCII di terminal Anda. Untuk melakukannya, Anda dapat menggunakan kode berikut

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Dalam contoh ini,

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Inilah cara Anda dapat menggunakan fungsi ini

>>>

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Panggilan pertama ke

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Catatan. Dalam contoh di atas,

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Saat Anda membuat bagan batang, menggunakan batang horizontal memungkinkan Anda memiliki cukup ruang untuk label kategori. Fitur bermanfaat lainnya dari diagram batang adalah kemungkinan menyortir data menurut frekuensinya. Dalam contoh ini, Anda mengurutkan data menggunakan ________11______24

Merencanakan Data Kategorikal Dengan Matplotlib

Sangat menyenangkan mengetahui cara membuat bagan batang ASCII dari awal menggunakan Python. Namun, dalam ekosistem Python, Anda dapat menemukan beberapa alat untuk memplot data. Salah satu alat tersebut adalah Matplotlib

Matplotlib adalah pustaka pihak ketiga untuk membuat visualisasi statis, animasi, dan interaktif dengan Python. Anda dapat menginstal pustaka dari PyPI menggunakan

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Perintah ini menginstal Matplotlib di lingkungan Python Anda. Setelah Anda menginstal pustaka, Anda dapat menggunakannya untuk membuat bagan batang dan lainnya. Inilah cara Anda membuat bagan batang minimal dengan Matplotlib

>>>

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Di sini, Anda terlebih dahulu melakukan impor yang diperlukan. Kemudian Anda membuat penghitung dengan beberapa data awal tentang penjualan buah dan menggunakan

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Anda menggunakan

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

1. >>> word = "mississippi"
   >>> counter = {}
   
   >>> for letter in word:
   ..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
   ...
   
   >>> counter
   {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}
   

   _67 memegang daftar buah-buahan

2. >>> word = "mississippi"
   >>> counter = {}
   
   >>> for letter in word:
   ..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
   ...
   
   >>> counter
   {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}
   

   _68 memegang unit yang sesuai dijual per buah

Kemudian Anda membuat diagram batang menggunakan. Saat Anda menjalankan , Anda mendapatkan jendela seperti berikut di layar Anda

Dalam bagan ini, sumbu horizontal menunjukkan nama setiap buah yang unik. Sedangkan sumbu vertikal menunjukkan jumlah unit yang terjual per buah

Menemukan Modus Sampel

Dalam statistik, modus adalah nilai (atau nilai) yang paling sering muncul dalam sampel data. Misalnya, jika Anda memiliki sampel

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
>>> letters
Counter({'i': 6, 's': 6, 'p': 2, 'm': 2, 'o': 1, 'u': 1, 'r': 1})

Dalam beberapa kasus, mode bukanlah nilai unik. Pertimbangkan sampel

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
>>> letters
Counter({'i': 6, 's': 6, 'p': 2, 'm': 2, 'o': 1, 'u': 1, 'r': 1})

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Anda akan sering menggunakan mode untuk mendeskripsikan data kategorikal. Misalnya, mode berguna saat Anda perlu mengetahui kategori mana yang paling umum di data Anda

Untuk menemukan mode dengan Python, Anda perlu menghitung jumlah kemunculan setiap nilai dalam sampel Anda. Maka Anda harus menemukan nilai (atau nilai) yang paling sering. Dengan kata lain, nilai dengan jumlah kemunculan tertinggi. Kedengarannya seperti sesuatu yang dapat Anda lakukan menggunakan

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Catatan. Modul Python di pustaka standar menyediakan fungsi untuk menghitung beberapa statistik, termasuk mode dan sampel. Contoh di bawah ini hanya dimaksudkan untuk menunjukkan betapa bermanfaatnya

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Inilah fungsi yang menghitung mode sampel

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Di dalam

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> Counter({"i": 4, "s": 4, "p": 2, "m": 1})
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

1. >>> word = "mississippi"
   >>> counter = {}
   
   >>> for letter in word:
   ..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
   ...
   
   >>> counter
   {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}
   

   _86 memegang objek yang paling umum. Menggunakan garis bawah untuk memberi nama variabel menunjukkan bahwa Anda tidak perlu menggunakan variabel itu dalam kode Anda, tetapi Anda memerlukannya sebagai pengganti

2. >>> word = "mississippi"
   >>> counter = {}
   
   >>> for letter in word:
   ..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
   ...
   
   >>> counter
   {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}
   

   _87 memegang frekuensi objek yang paling umum di

   >>> word = "mississippi"
   >>> counter = {}
   
   >>> for letter in word:
   ..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
   ...
   
   >>> counter
   {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}
   

   55

Pemahaman daftar membandingkan

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Untuk menggunakan fungsi ini, Anda dapat melakukan sesuatu seperti ini

>>>

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Menghitung File berdasarkan Jenis

Contoh menarik lainnya yang melibatkan

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

>>>

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Dalam contoh ini, pertama-tama Anda membuat iterator di atas entri dalam direktori tertentu menggunakan. Kemudian Anda menggunakan pemahaman daftar untuk membuat daftar yang berisi ekstensi () dari semua file di direktori target. Terakhir, Anda menghitung jumlah file yang menggunakan ekstensi file sebagai kriteria pengelompokan

Jika Anda menjalankan kode ini di komputer Anda, maka Anda akan mendapatkan keluaran yang berbeda tergantung pada konten direktori

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = {}

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] = counter.get(letter, 0) + 1
...

>>> counter
{'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2}

Memulihkan Elemen Dari Penghitung

Fitur multiset pertama dari

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>>

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Efek bersih dari pemanggilan

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> Counter(set("mississippi"))
Counter({'p': 1, 's': 1, 'm': 1, 'i': 1})

Catatan. Seperti yang sudah Anda ketahui, Anda dapat membuat penghitung dengan hitungan nol dan negatif. Jika jumlah elemen kurang dari satu, maka

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Docstring dari

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

1836 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 17 = 22 × 33 × 171

Anda dapat menulis ekspresi ini sebagai multiset seperti {2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 17}. Menggunakan

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Perulangan berulang pada elemen di

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Dalam contoh ini, panggilan ke

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Menggunakan

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Dalam contoh ini, string yang dihasilkan tidak mengeja kata aslinya,

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Mengurangi Multiplisitas Elemen

Terkadang Anda perlu mengurangi multiplisitas (hitungan) elemen dalam multiset atau penghitung. Dalam hal ini, Anda dapat menggunakan

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Katakanlah Anda memiliki multiset dengan inventaris buah Anda saat ini dan Anda harus selalu memperbaruinya. Kemudian Anda dapat menjalankan beberapa operasi berikut

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Di sini, Anda menggunakan beberapa cara untuk memberikan input data ke

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

Mengerjakan Aritmatika Dengan Banyaknya Elemen

Dengan

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> letters = Counter({"i": "4", "s": "4", "p": "2", "m": "1"})

>>> letters.update("missouri")
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Berikut adalah beberapa contoh bagaimana semua operator ini bekerja

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Di sini, pertama-tama Anda menambahkan dua penghitung bersama-sama menggunakan operator penjumlahan (

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Contoh kedua menunjukkan cara kerja operator pengurangan (________18______36). Perhatikan bahwa hitungan negatif dan nol mengakibatkan tidak disertakannya pasangan hitungan kunci di penghitung yang dihasilkan. Jadi, Anda tidak melihat

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Operator persimpangan (

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

Catatan. Untuk perincian lebih lanjut tentang bagaimana

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>>

>>> from collections import Counter

>>> # Use a string as an argument
>>> Counter("mississippi")
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

>>> # Use a list as an argument
>>> Counter(list("mississippi"))
Counter({'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2, 'm': 1})

Saat Anda menggunakan tanda tambah (

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})

>>> from collections import defaultdict

>>> word = "mississippi"
>>> counter = defaultdict(int)

>>> for letter in word:
..     counter[letter] += 1
...

>>> counter
defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'m': 1, 'i': 4, 's': 4, 'p': 2})