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Number and percentage of foodborne disease outbreaks, outbreak-associated illnesses, and hospitalizations, by etiology (confirmed or suspected) — Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System, United States, 2009–2015
Bacterial | ||||||||||||||||
Salmonella † | 896 | 53 | 949 | 23 | 23,662 | 510 | 24,172 | 30 | 3,168 | 39 | 3,207 | 60 | 29 | 0 | 29 | 20 |
Escherichia coli, Shiga toxin-producing (STEC)§ | 191 | 12 | 203 | 5 | 2,378 | 87 | 2,465 | 3 | 672 | 21 | 693 | 13 | 12 | 1 | 13 | 9 |
Campylobacter ¶ | 155 | 46 | 201 | 5 | 2,095 | 214 | 2,309 | 3 | 134 | 17 | 151 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Clostridium perfringens | 108 | 90 | 198 | 5 | 5,132 | 2,702 | 7,834 | 10 | 16 | 2 | 18 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
Staphylococcus aureus | 35 | 40 | 75 | 2 | 1,255 | 426 | 1,681 | 2 | 69 | 17 | 86 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Bacillus cereus | 23 | 42 | 65 | 2 | 551 | 288 | 839 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 35 | 14 | 49 | 1 | 227 | 53 | 280 | 0 | 18 | 2 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Shigella** | 32 | 7 | 39 | 1 | 1,193 | 33 | 1,226 | 1 | 108 | 2 | 110 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Listeria monocytogenes | 35 | 1 | 36 | 1 | 380 | 8 | 388 | 0 | 334 | 7 | 341 | 6 | 74 | 1 | 75 | 52 |
Clostridium botulinum | 19 | 2 | 21 | 1 | 85 | 6 | 91 | 0 | 72 | 6 | 78 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic | 6 | 1 | 7 | 0 | 437 | 19 | 456 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Staphylococcus spp. | 2 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 38 | 15 | 53 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Yersinia enterocolitica | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 20 | 4 | 24 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Vibrio cholerae | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 14 | 17 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Streptococcus, Group A | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 72 | 40 | 112 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Escherichia coli, Enteroaggregative | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vibrio other | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Vibrio vulnificus | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Aeromonas hydrophila | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Coxiella burnetti | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Francisella novicida | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Brucella spp. | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Clostridium other | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Escherichia coli, Enteropathogenic | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Enterococcus faecalis | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other | 0 | 34 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 469 | 469 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Subtotal | 1,553 | 353 | 1,906 | 47 | 37,647 | 4,899 | 42,546 | 52 | 4,611 | 120 | 4,731 | 88 | 128 | 3 | 131 | 92 |
Chemical and toxin | ||||||||||||||||
Scombroid toxin/histamine | 95 | 6 | 101 | 2 | 280 | 19 | 299 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ciguatoxin | 80 | 13 | 93 | 2 | 294 | 43 | 337 | 0 | 32 | 7 | 39 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Mycotoxins | 13 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 36 | 6 | 42 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 22 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
Puffer fish tetrodotoxin | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Paralytic shellfish poison | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pesticides | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Amnesic shellfish poison | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other | 20 | 20 | 40 | 1 | 106 | 175 | 281 | 0 | 20 | 6 | 26 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Subtotal | 217 | 40 | 257 | 6 | 781 | 243 | 1,024 | 1 | 89 | 14 | 103 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 5 | 3 |
Parasitic | ||||||||||||||||
Cryptosporidium | 10 | 2 | 12 | 0 | 160 | 22 | 182 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Trichinella | 8 | 1 | 9 | 0 | 30 | 3 | 33 | 0 | 7 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cyclospora | 9 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 432 | 0 | 432 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Giardia | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Subtotal | 30 | 3 | 33 | 1 | 634 | 25 | 659 | 1 | 31 | 3 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Viral | ||||||||||||||||
Norovirus | 1,130 | 740 | 1,870 | 46 | 27,623 | 9,413 | 37,036 | 45 | 275 | 99 | 374 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 5 |
Hepatitis A | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 260 | 0 | 260 | 0 | 107 | 0 | 107 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Sapovirus | 7 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 127 | 3 | 130 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rotavirus | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 58 | 28 | 86 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Astrovirus | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Subtotal | 1,153 | 745 | 1,898 | 46 | 28,068 | 9,491 | 37,559 | 46 | 383 | 100 | 483 | 9 | 7 | 0 | 7 | 5 |
Single etiology†† | 2,953 | 1,141 | 4,094 | 71 | 67,130 | 14,658 | 81,788 | 81 | 5,114 | 237 | 5,351 | 94 | 140 | 3 | 143 | 99 |
Multiple etiologies§§ | 33 | 50 | 83 | 1 | 925 | 1,070 | 1,995 | 2 | 56 | 21 | 77 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Unknown etiology¶¶ | 0 | 0 | 1,583 | 27 | 0 | 0 | 15,728 | 17 | 0 | 271 | 271 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
Total | 2,986 | 1,191 | 5,760 | 100 | 68,055 | 15,728 | 100,939 | 100 | 5,170 | 258 | 5,699 | 100 | 140 | 3 | 145 | 100 |