What is Topology?
Network topologies describe the methods in which all the elements of a network are mapped. The topology term refers to both the physical and logical layout of a network.
In this network topology tutorial, we will explain:
- What is Topology?
- Type of Network Topology
- Point to Point
- Bus Topology
- Ring Topology
- Star Topology
- Mesh Topology
- Tree Topology
- Hybrid Topology
- How to select a Network Topology?
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Eric Conrad, ... Joshua Feldman, in CISSP Study Guide (Third Edition), 2016
Star
Star topology has become the dominant physical topology for LANs. The star was first popularized by ARCNET, and later adopted by Ethernet. Each node is connected directly to a central device such as a hub or a switch, as shown in Figure 5.17.
Figure 5.17. Star Topology
Exam Warning
Remember that physical and logical topologies are related, but different. A logical ring can run via a physical ring, but there are exceptions. FDDI uses both a logical and physical ring, but Token Ring is a logical ring topology that runs on a physical star, for example. If you see the word “ring” on the exam, check the context to see if it is referring to physical ring, logical ring, or both.
Stars feature better fault tolerance: any single local cable cut or NIC failure affects one node only. Since each node is wired back to a central point, more cable is required as opposed to bus (where one cable run connects nodes to each other). This cost disadvantage is usually outweighed by the fault tolerance advantages.
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Types of Network Topology
The arrangement of a network that comprises nodes and connecting lines via sender and receiver is referred to as network topology. The various network topologies are:
Types of Network Topology
Network Topology is the schematic description of a network arrangement, connecting various nodes(sender and receiver) through lines of connection.
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
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- Network topologyrefers to how the nodes and links in a network are arranged. A network node is a device that cansend, receive, store, or forward data. A network link connects nodes and may be either cabled or wireless links.
- Understanding topology types provides thebasis for building a successful network. There are a number of topologies but the most common are bus, ring, star, and mesh:
- Abus network topologyis when every network node is directly connected to the main cable.
- In aring topology, nodes are connected in a loop, so each device hasexactly two neighbors. Adjacent pairs are connected directly; non-adjacent pairs are connected indirectly through multiple nodes.
- In astar network topology, all nodes are connected to asingle, central huband each node is indirectly connected through that hub.
- Amesh topologyis defined byoverlapping connectionsbetween nodes. You can create afull meshtopology, where every node in the network is connected toevery other node. You can also create a partial mesh topology in which only some nodes are connected to each other and some are connected to the nodes with which theyexchange the most data. Full mesh topology can beexpensiveandtime-consumingto execute, which is why it's often reserved for networks that requirehigh redundancy. Partial mesh provides less redundancy but is more cost-effective and simpler to execute.
- Atree topologyis a special type of structure where many connected elements are arranged like the branches of atree. For example,treetopologies are frequently used toorganize the computers in a corporate network or the information in a database.
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Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
The correct answer is Star.
- Ring topologyis a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes and forms a single continuous pathway for signals through each node- a ring.
- It performs better than a bus topology even under the heavy network load.
- Communication delay is directly proportional to the number of nodes in the network.
- They can be used to carry circuits or packets or the combination of both circuits or packets.
- An example of ring topology is Token Ring.
- Bus topology is a communication system that transfers data between computers or components inside a computer.
- Buses can be parallel buses (which carry data words in parallel on multiple wires) or serial buses (which carry data in bit-serial form).
- An example of internal computer buses is MBus, Multibus, Conventional PCI, SS-50 Bus, STEbus, etc.
- An example of external computer buses is Camera Link, Universal Serial Bus (USB), eSATA, High-Performance Parallel Interface (HIPPI), etc.
- Futurebus, Thunderbolt, QuickRing, etc are examples of internal and external computer buses.
- Star topologyis an implementation of the spoke-hub distribution paradigm in computer networks.
- Every host is connected to the central network.
- All nodes (workplace and other devices) are directly connected to a common central computer, local area network (LAN)called Star topology.
- It works well under heavy load.
- The single point of failure for the network is the central hub.
- Tree topology has a root node and all other nodes are connected to it and form a hierarchy and also known as hierarchical topology.
- It is mostly used in Wide Area Network (WAN).
- It is an extension of bus and star topologies.
- It is a very expensive and heavily cabled topology.
- This topology can be easily managed and maintained.
Image of Star Topology:
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