How do i change colors in python?

Drawing shapes and learning how to move the pen in Python Turtle is fun, but it gets much more interesting when you add some color to your turtle drawings. In Python Turtle, you can do a lot with colors. To get started with colors, the first thing you can do is change the color of the pen in Turtle. You can set the pen to be any color you like or change it at any time in your program. In this tutorial, we’ll experiment with the color() and width() functions to spice up our turtle drawings.

color()

Let’s revisit the very first program we wrote with Python Turtle where we simply made the pen move using the forward() function.

Now let’s make that line a different color using the color() function.

from turtle import *

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

color('blue')
forward(75)

done()

You can make the turtle any color you like. Let’s change the turtle shape to a square, and make the color green now.

from turtle import *

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

shape('square')
color('green')
forward(75)

done()

width()

When you change the pen color in Python Turtle, the effect is more pronounced when making the lines thicker. This can be done with the width() function like so.

from turtle import *

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

shape('square')
width(10)
color('blue')
forward(75)

done()

You can pass the color() function two arguments and it will behave as if you are calling pencolor(arg1) and fillcolor(arg2). The following code shows this in action.

from turtle import *

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

shape('square')
width(10)
color('blue', 'red')
forward(75)

done() 

We can make use of the color() function multiple times in the same program. This technique is used here to draw a square that has a different color for each side of the square.

from turtle import *

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

shape('square')
width(10)
color('red')
left(90)
forward(150)
color('green')
left(90)
forward(150)
color('yellow')
left(90)
forward(150)
color('blue')
left(90)
forward(150)

done()

Random Colors

Let’s make use of a list of colors in combination with the random.choice() Python function to create some interesting drawings that use all the colors of the rainbow in a random fashion. Consider this abstract Python art if you will.

from turtle import *
import random

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

shape('square')
width(2)
colors = ['red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue', 'indigo', 'violet']

for i in range(75):
    color(random.choice(colors))
    right(20 + i)
    forward(1 + (i * 5))
    right(40 + i)

done()

Using color() In Functions

One exercise we did earlier was to draw shapes using functions. We can update those functions to make use of color. That way we can draw a shape, and make it any color we like by passing the color to it when the function is called. The code below updates the function to draw a square, but not it accepts a parameter to specify the color you would like the square to be.

from turtle import *

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

shape('square')
width(2)


def draw_square(linecolor):
    color(linecolor)
    for i in range(4):
        forward(100)
        right(90)


right(-90)
penup()
forward(50)
right(-90)
forward(200)
pendown()
draw_square('red')

right(180)
penup()
forward(100)
right(-90)
pendown()
draw_square('green')

right(90)
penup()
forward(200)
right(-90)
pendown()
draw_square('blue')

done()

More Colors!

from turtle import *
import random

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

shape('square')
width(2)
colors = ['red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue', 'indigo', 'violet']


def draw_triangle(length=150):
    color(random.choice(colors))
    for i in range(3):
        forward(length)
        left(120)


for i in range(40):
    draw_triangle()
    right(10)

done()

from turtle import *
import random

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

shape('square')
width(2)
colors = ['red', 'orange', 'yellow', 'green', 'blue', 'indigo', 'violet']


def draw_triangle(length=150):
    color(random.choice(colors))
    for i in range(3):
        forward(length)
        left(120)


for i in range(20):
    draw_triangle()
    right(2)

done()

Thick Color Triangles

For the last example of using a colored pen in Python turtle, we’ll rewrite the draw_triangle() function so that it accepts a parameter to specify the color. The width of the line will also be thicker for a neat effect.

from turtle import *

drawing_area = Screen()
drawing_area.setup(width=750, height=500)

shape('square')
width(20)


def draw_triangle(linecolor, length=150):
    color(linecolor)
    for i in range(3):
        forward(length)
        left(120)


draw_triangle('red')
right(180)
forward(100)
right(180)
draw_triangle('green', 200)
right(180)
forward(100)
right(180)
draw_triangle('blue', 250)

done()  

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