Pernyataan Google Standard SQL terdiri dari serangkaian token. Token termasuk pengidentifikasi, pengidentifikasi kutipan, literal, kata kunci, operator, dan karakter khusus. Anda dapat memisahkan token dengan komentar atau spasi seperti spasi, backspace, tab, atau baris baru
Pengidentifikasi
Pengidentifikasi adalah nama yang terkait dengan kolom, tabel, ekspresi jalur, dan lainnya. Mereka bisa atau dan beberapa
Pengidentifikasi yang tidak dikutip
- Harus dimulai dengan huruf atau karakter garis bawah (_).
- Karakter selanjutnya dapat berupa huruf, angka, garis bawah (_), dan tanda hubung, tetapi aturan tambahan berlaku untuk tanda hubung (lihat aturan berikutnya)
Tanda pisah tunggal dapat digunakan dengan sebagian besar tanda kutip, tetapi tidak di awal atau akhir
Saat Anda menggunakan tanda hubung dalam pengenal tanpa tanda kutip, Anda pada dasarnya menggabungkan pengenal tanpa tanda kutip dengan satu atau lebih pengenal dan angka tanpa tanda kutip. Saat menggunakan tanda hubung, umumnya Anda harus mengikuti struktur ini
unquoted_identifier[-{ unquoted_identifier | number }][...]Misalnya. -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable 3, -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable 4, -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable 5
Tanda hubung tidak dapat digunakan dalam nama bidang
Pengidentifikasi yang dikutip
- Harus diapit oleh karakter backtick (`).
- Dapat berisi karakter apa pun, termasuk spasi dan simbol
- Tidak boleh kosong
- Memiliki urutan pelarian yang sama dengan
- Jika pengidentifikasi sama dengan a , pengidentifikasi harus dikutip. Misalnya, pengidentifikasi -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable 6 harus dikutip. Aturan tambahan berlaku untuk
Contoh pengenal
Contoh ekspresi jalur
-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUPContoh fungsi
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _Contoh operasi akses array
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataFieldContoh parameter kueri bernama
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _Contoh nama tabel
-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable -- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable ________12__13_______-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 0-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 1-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 2Ekspresi jalur
Ekspresi jalur menjelaskan cara menavigasi ke objek dalam grafik objek dan umumnya mengikuti struktur ini
-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _3- -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable _7. Grafik dari satu atau lebih objek
- -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable _8. Objek dalam grafik objek
- -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable _9. Ekspresi jalur dapat dimulai dengan pengidentifikasi yang dikutip atau tidak dikutip. Jika ekspresi jalur dimulai dengan a , itu harus berupa pengidentifikasi yang dikutip
- -- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable _0. Bagian selanjutnya dari ekspresi jalur dapat menyertakan non-identifier, seperti kata kunci yang dicadangkan. Jika bagian selanjutnya dari ekspresi jalur dimulai dengan a , itu mungkin dikutip atau tidak dikutip
Contoh
-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _4Nama tabel
Nama tabel mewakili nama tabel
Nama tabel dapat berupa pengidentifikasi yang dikutip atau pengidentifikasi yang tidak dikutip. Jika tidak dikutip
- Dukungan pengidentifikasi tanpa tanda kutip saat dirujuk dalam klausa -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable 6 atau -- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable 2. Hanya pengidentifikasi pertama di jalur tabel (ID project atau nama tabel) yang boleh memiliki tanda hubung. Tanda hubung tidak didukung dalam kumpulan data
Nama tabel bisa berupa yang menyertakan hingga tiga pengidentifikasi yang dikutip atau tidak dikutip
- Sebuah opsional
- Sebuah opsional
- Nama tabel wajib
Misalnya. -- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable _3
Nama tabel dapat berupa ekspresi jalur
Contoh
-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 5Nama kolom
Nama kolom mewakili nama kolom dalam tabel
- Nama kolom dapat berupa pengidentifikasi yang dikutip atau pengidentifikasi yang tidak dikutip
- Jika tidak dikutip, pengidentifikasi mendukung pengidentifikasi putus-putus saat dirujuk dalam klausa -- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable 6 atau -- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable 2
- Nama kolom memiliki
Contoh
-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _6Literal
Literal mewakili nilai konstan dari tipe data bawaan. Beberapa, tetapi tidak semua, tipe data dapat diekspresikan sebagai literal
String dan byte literal
Literal string mewakili nilai konstanta dari. Literal byte mewakili nilai konstan dari
Literal string dan byte harus dikutip, baik dengan tanda kutip tunggal (-- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable 6) atau ganda (-- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable 7), atau dikutip tiga kali lipat dengan kelompok tiga tanda kutip tunggal (-- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable 8) atau tiga ganda (-- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable 9)
Format untuk literal yang dikutip
Tabel berikut mencantumkan semua cara Anda dapat memformat literal yang dikutip
LiteralExamplesDescriptionQuoted string- -- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a 0
- -- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a 1
- -- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a 2
- -- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a 3
Garis miring terbalik (-- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a _6) memperkenalkan escape sequence. Lihat tabel Escape Sequences di bawah ini
String yang dikutip tidak boleh berisi baris baru, meskipun diawali dengan garis miring terbalik (-- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a 6). String yang dikutip tiga kali lipat
- -- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a 8
- -- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a _9
- -- Valid table path. my-project.mydataset.mytable 0
- -- Valid table path. my-project.mydataset.mytable 1
- -- Valid table path. my-project.mydataset.mytable 2
Garis miring terbalik (-- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a _6) memperkenalkan escape sequence. Lihat tabel Escape Sequences di bawah ini
Tanda garis miring terbalik yang tidak lolos (-- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a 6) di akhir baris tidak diperbolehkan
Akhiri string dengan tiga tanda kutip tanpa pengecualian dalam satu baris yang cocok dengan tanda kutip awal. Tali mentah
- -- Valid table path. my-project.mydataset.mytable 5
- -- Valid table path. my-project.mydataset.mytable 6
- -- Valid table path. my-project.mydataset.mytable 7
- -- Valid table path. my-project.mydataset.mytable 8
Karakter garis miring terbalik (-- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a _6) tidak bertindak sebagai karakter pelarian. Jika garis miring terbalik diikuti oleh karakter lain terjadi di dalam literal string, kedua karakter tersebut dipertahankan
String mentah tidak boleh diakhiri dengan garis miring terbalik dalam jumlah ganjil
String mentah berguna untuk membuat ekspresi reguler. Awalan tidak peka huruf besar-kecil. Byte
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _02
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _03
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _04
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _07
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _08
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _09
Escape sequence untuk literal string dan byte
Tabel berikut mencantumkan semua escape sequence yang valid untuk merepresentasikan karakter non-alfanumerik dalam literal string dan byte. Urutan apa pun yang tidak ada dalam tabel ini menghasilkan kesalahan
Escape SequenceDescription-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 15Bell-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 16Backspace-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 17Formfeed-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 18Newline-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 19Carriage Return-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 20Tab-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 21Vertical Tab-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 22Backslash (-- Invalid table name. The table name is unquoted and is not a valid -- dashed identifier, as the part after the dash is neither a number nor -- an identifier starting with a letter or an underscore. mytable-287a 6)-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 24Question Mark (-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 25)-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 26Double Quote (-- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable 7)-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 28Single Quote (-- Invalid table path. The project name starts with a number and is unquoted. 287myproject.mydatabase.mytable 6)-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 30Backtick (-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 31)-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 32Octal escape, with exactly 3 digits (in the range 0–7). Mendekode ke satu karakter Unicode (dalam string literal) atau byte (dalam byte literal). -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 33 atau -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 34Hex escape, dengan tepat 2 digit hex (0–9 atau A–F atau a–f). Mendekode ke satu karakter Unicode (dalam string literal) atau byte (dalam byte literal). Contoh- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 35 == -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 36
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 37 adalah -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 38
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 39 adalah kesalahan
Perhatikan bahwa rentang D800-DFFF tidak diperbolehkan, karena ini adalah nilai unicode pengganti. -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 41Unicode escape, dengan huruf besar 'U' dan tepat 8 digit hex. Hanya valid dalam string literal atau pengidentifikasi
Rentang D800-DFFF tidak diperbolehkan, karena nilai ini adalah nilai unicode pengganti. Selain itu, nilai yang lebih besar dari 10FFFF tidak diperbolehkan
Literal bilangan bulat
Literal bilangan bulat adalah urutan angka desimal (0–9) atau nilai heksadesimal yang diawali dengan "-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 42" atau "-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 43". Bilangan bulat dapat diawali dengan "-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 44" atau "-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 45" untuk masing-masing mewakili nilai positif dan negatif. Contoh
-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _7Literal bilangan bulat ditafsirkan sebagai -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _46
Literal bilangan bulat mewakili nilai konstan dari
-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 47 literal
Anda dapat membuat -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 47 literal menggunakan kata kunci -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 47 diikuti dengan nilai floating point dalam tanda kutip
Contoh
A -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 47 literal mewakili nilai konstanta dari
-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 52 literal
Anda dapat membuat -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 52 literal menggunakan kata kunci -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 52 diikuti dengan nilai floating point dalam tanda kutip
Contoh
-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _9A -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 52 literal mewakili nilai konstanta dari
Literal floating point
Opsi sintaks
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _0-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 57 mewakili satu atau lebih angka desimal (0 sampai 9) dan -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 58 mewakili penanda eksponen (e atau E)
Contoh
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _1Literal numerik yang mengandung titik desimal atau penanda eksponen dianggap bertipe ganda
Pemaksaan implisit dari literal floating point ke tipe float dimungkinkan jika nilainya berada dalam kisaran float yang valid
Tidak ada representasi literal dari NaN atau infinity, tetapi string case-insensitive berikut dapat secara eksplisit dilemparkan ke float
- "NaN"
- "inf" atau "+inf"
- "-inf"
Literal floating-point mewakili nilai konstan dari
Array literal
Literal array adalah daftar elemen yang dipisahkan koma yang diapit tanda kurung siku. Kata kunci -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _59 adalah opsional, dan tipe elemen eksplisit T juga opsional
Contoh
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _2Literal array mewakili nilai konstanta dari
Struktur literal
Sebuah struct literal adalah sebuah struct yang bidangnya semuanya literal. Literal struktural dapat ditulis menggunakan salah satu sintaks untuk (sintaks Tuple, sintaks struct tanpa tipe, atau sintaks struct yang diketik)
Perhatikan bahwa sintaks tuple memerlukan setidaknya dua bidang, untuk membedakannya dari ekspresi kurung biasa. Untuk menulis struct literal dengan satu bidang, gunakan sintaks struct tanpa tipe atau sintaks struct yang diketik
ExampleOutput Type-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 60-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 61-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 62-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 63-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 64-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 65-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 66-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 67-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 68-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 69-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 70-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 69Literal struct mewakili nilai konstanta dari
Literal tanggal
Sintaksis
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _3Literal tanggal berisi kata kunci -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 72 diikuti dengan literal string yang sesuai dengan format tanggal kanonis, diapit dengan tanda kutip tunggal. Literal tanggal mendukung rentang antara tahun 1 dan 9999, inklusif. Tanggal di luar rentang ini tidak valid
Misalnya, literal tanggal berikut menunjukkan 27 September 2014
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _4Literal string dalam format tanggal kanonis juga secara implisit memaksa tipe DATE saat digunakan di mana ekspresi tipe DATE diharapkan. Misalnya, dalam kueri
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _5string literal -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 73 akan dipaksa menjadi literal tanggal
Tanggal literal mewakili nilai konstan dari
Literal waktu
Sintaksis
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _6Literal waktu berisi kata kunci -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 74 dan literal string yang sesuai dengan format waktu kanonis, diapit tanda kutip tunggal
Misalnya, waktu berikut mewakili 12. 30 hal. m
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _7Literal waktu merepresentasikan nilai konstan dari
Literal datetime
Sintaksis
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _8Literal datetime berisi kata kunci -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _75 dan literal string yang sesuai dengan format datetime kanonis, diapit tanda kutip tunggal
Misalnya, datetime berikut mewakili 12. 30 hal. m. pada tanggal 27 September 2014
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _9Literal datetime mendukung rentang antara tahun 1 dan 9999, inklusif. Tanggal dan waktu di luar rentang ini tidak valid
Literal string dengan format datetime kanonis secara implisit memaksa literal datetime saat digunakan di mana ekspresi datetime diharapkan
Misalnya
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField 0Dalam kueri di atas, string literal -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 76 dipaksa menjadi literal datetime
Literal datetime juga dapat menyertakan karakter opsional -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 77 atau -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 78. Ini adalah bendera untuk waktu dan digunakan sebagai pemisah antara tanggal dan waktu. Jika Anda menggunakan karakter ini, spasi tidak dapat dimasukkan sebelum atau sesudahnya. Ini valid
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField 1Sebuah literal datetime mewakili nilai konstan dari
Literal stempel waktu
Sintaksis
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField 2-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField 3Literal stempel waktu berisi kata kunci -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 79 dan literal string yang sesuai dengan format stempel waktu kanonis, diapit dengan tanda kutip tunggal
Literal stempel waktu mendukung rentang antara tahun 1 dan 9999, inklusif. Stempel waktu di luar rentang ini tidak valid
Literal stempel waktu dapat menyertakan sufiks numerik untuk menunjukkan zona waktu
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField 4Jika akhiran ini tidak ada, zona waktu default, UTC, akan digunakan
Misalnya, stempel waktu berikut mewakili 12. 30 hal. m. pada 27 September 2014 di zona waktu default, UTC
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField 5Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang zona waktu, lihat
Literal string dengan format stempel waktu kanonis, termasuk yang memiliki nama zona waktu, secara implisit memaksa literal stempel waktu saat digunakan di mana ekspresi stempel waktu diharapkan. Misalnya, dalam kueri berikut, string literal -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 80 dipaksa menjadi literal stempel waktu
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField 6Literal stempel waktu dapat menyertakan karakter opsional ini
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 77 atau -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 78. Sebuah bendera untuk waktu. Gunakan sebagai pemisah antara tanggal dan waktu
- -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 83 atau -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 84. Bendera untuk zona waktu default. Ini tidak dapat digunakan dengan -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 85
Jika Anda menggunakan salah satu karakter ini, spasi tidak dapat dimasukkan sebelum atau sesudahnya. Ini valid
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField 7Literal timestamp merepresentasikan nilai konstan dari
Zona waktu
Karena literal stempel waktu harus dipetakan ke titik waktu tertentu, zona waktu diperlukan untuk menginterpretasikan literal dengan benar. Jika zona waktu tidak ditentukan sebagai bagian dari literal itu sendiri, maka Google Standard SQL menggunakan nilai zona waktu default, yang ditetapkan oleh implementasi Google Standard SQL
Google Standard SQL merepresentasikan zona waktu menggunakan string dalam format kanonis berikut, yang merepresentasikan offset dari Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
Format
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField _8Contoh
-- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in an array called items. items[OFFSET(3)].dataField _9Zona waktu juga dapat diekspresikan menggunakan string nama zona waktu dari database tz. Untuk referensi yang kurang komprehensif namun lebih sederhana, lihat Daftar zona waktu basis data tz di Wikipedia. Nama zona waktu kanonis memiliki format -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 86, seperti -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 87
Catatan. Tidak semua nama zona waktu dapat dipertukarkan meskipun mereka melaporkan waktu yang sama selama bagian tahun tertentu. Misalnya, -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _87 melaporkan waktu yang sama dengan -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 89 selama Waktu Musim Panas, tetapi melaporkan waktu yang sama dengan -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 90 di luar Waktu Musim Panas.Contoh
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _0Literal interval
Interval literal mewakili nilai konstan dari. Ada dua jenis literal interval
Literal interval dapat digunakan langsung di dalam pernyataan -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 91 dan sebagai argumen dalam beberapa fungsi yang mendukung tipe data interval
Interval literal dengan satu bagian datetime
Sintaksis
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _1Sintaks bagian datetime tunggal mencakup ekspresi -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 46 dan satu. Misalnya
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _2Ketika tanda negatif mendahului bagian tahun atau bulan dalam interval literal, tanda negatif menyebar selama tahun dan bulan. Atau, ketika tanda negatif mendahului bagian waktu dalam literal interval, tanda negatif menyebar ke jam, menit, dan detik. Misalnya
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _3Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang cara membuat interval dengan satu bagian datetime, lihat
Interval literal dengan rentang bagian waktu-waktu
Sintaksis
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _4Sintaks bagian range datetime mencakup a , a , dan an
Misalnya
Ketika tanda negatif mendahului bagian tahun atau bulan dalam interval literal, tanda negatif menyebar selama tahun dan bulan. Atau, ketika tanda negatif mendahului bagian waktu dalam literal interval, tanda negatif menyebar ke jam, menit, dan detik. Misalnya
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _6Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang cara membuat interval dengan rentang waktu bagian tanggal, lihat
literal JSON
Sintaksis
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _7Literal JSON mewakili data berformat JSON
Contoh
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _8Literal JSON mewakili nilai konstanta dari
Sensitivitas kasus
Google Standard SQL mengikuti aturan ini untuk sensitivitas huruf besar-kecil
KategoriPeka huruf besar/kecil?CatatanKata KunciTidak Nama Fungsi BawaanTidak Nama Fungsi yang Ditentukan PenggunaYa Nama tabelLihat CatatanDataset dan nama tabel peka huruf besar/kecil kecuali jika opsi disetel ke -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 94. Nama kolomTidak Nilai stringYaPerbandingan stringYa Alias dalam kueriTidak Pencocokan ekspresi regulerLihat CatatanPencocokan ekspresi reguler peka huruf besar-kecil secara default, kecuali jika ekspresi itu sendiri menentukan bahwa itu harus peka huruf besar-kecil. -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP _95 cocok YaKata kunci yang dipesan
Kata kunci adalah sekelompok token yang memiliki arti khusus dalam bahasa Google Standard SQL, dan memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut
- Kata kunci tidak dapat digunakan sebagai pengidentifikasi kecuali diapit oleh karakter backtick (`).
- Kata kunci tidak peka huruf besar/kecil
Google Standard SQL memiliki kata kunci yang dicadangkan berikut
SEMUADAN
SETIAP
HIMPUNAN
SEBAGAI
ASC
ASSERT_ROWS_MODIFIED
PADA
DI ANTARA
OLEH
KASUS
PEMERAN
MENYUSUN
MENGANDUNG
MEMBUAT
MENYEBERANG
KUBUS
SAAT INI
BAWAAN
MENDEFINISIKAN
DES
BERBEDA
KALAU TIDAK
AKHIR
ENUM
MELARIKAN DIRI
KECUALI
MENGECUALIKAN
ADA
EKSTRAK
PALSU
MENGAMBIL
MENGIKUTI
UNTUK
DARI
PENUH
KELOMPOK
PENGELOMPOKAN
GRUP
HASH
MEMILIKI
JIKA
MENGABAIKAN
DI DALAM
BATIN
MEMOTONG
SELANG
KE DALAM
ADALAH
BERGABUNG
LATERAL
KIRI
MENYUKAI
MEMBATASI
LIHATLAH
MENGGABUNGKAN
ALAMI
BARU
TIDAK
BUKAN
BATAL
NULL
DARI
PADA
ATAU
MEMESAN
LUAR
LEBIH
PARTISI
MENDAHULUI
PROTO
MEMENUHI SYARAT
JANGKAUAN
REKURSIF
MENGHORMATI
BENAR
ROLLUP
BARIS
PILIH
MENGATUR
BEBERAPA
STRUKTUR
CONTOH TABEL
KEMUDIAN
KE
MERAWAT
BENAR
TAK TERBATAS
PERSATUAN
UNNEST
MENGGUNAKAN
KAPAN
DI MANA
JENDELA
DENGAN
DI DALAM
Mengakhiri titik koma
Secara opsional, Anda dapat menggunakan titik koma penghentian (-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 96) saat mengirimkan pernyataan string kueri melalui Application Programming Interface (API)
Dalam permintaan yang berisi banyak pernyataan, Anda harus memisahkan pernyataan dengan titik koma, tetapi titik koma biasanya opsional setelah pernyataan terakhir. Beberapa alat interaktif memerlukan pernyataan untuk mengakhiri titik koma
Tanda koma
Secara opsional, Anda dapat menggunakan tanda koma (-- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 97) di akhir daftar kolom dalam pernyataan -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 91. Anda mungkin memiliki tanda koma sebagai hasil dari membuat daftar kolom secara terprogram
Contoh
-- Valid. param and dataField are valid identifiers. @param.dataField _9Parameter kueri
Anda dapat menggunakan parameter kueri untuk mengganti ekspresi arbitrer. Namun, parameter kueri tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengganti pengidentifikasi, nama kolom, nama tabel, atau bagian lain dari kueri itu sendiri. Parameter kueri ditentukan di luar pernyataan kueri
API Klien memungkinkan pengikatan nama parameter ke nilai;
Parameter kueri tidak dapat digunakan dalam isi SQL dari pernyataan ini. -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 99, -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField 00, -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField 01, dan -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField 02
Parameter kueri bernama
Sintaksis
-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 _0Parameter kueri bernama dilambangkan menggunakan karakter yang didahului oleh -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField 03. Parameter kueri bernama tidak dapat digunakan bersama
Parameter kueri bernama dapat dimulai dengan pengidentifikasi atau kata kunci yang dicadangkan. Pengidentifikasi dapat dikutip atau dikutip
Contoh
Contoh ini mengembalikan semua baris di mana -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _04 sama dengan nilai parameter kueri bernama -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField 05
-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 _1Parameter kueri posisi
Parameter kueri posisi dilambangkan menggunakan -- Valid. _5abc and dataField are valid identifiers. _5abc.dataField -- Valid. `5abc` and dataField are valid identifiers. `5abc`.dataField -- Invalid. 5abc is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and starts -- with a number rather than a letter or underscore. 5abc.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and dataField are valid identifiers. abc5.dataField -- Invalid. abc5! is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and contains -- a character that is not a letter, number, or underscore. abc5!.dataField -- Valid. `GROUP` and dataField are valid identifiers. `GROUP`.dataField -- Invalid. GROUP is an invalid identifier because it is unquoted and is a -- stand-alone reserved keyword. GROUP.dataField -- Valid. abc5 and GROUP are valid identifiers. abc5.GROUP 25 karakter. Parameter posisi dievaluasi berdasarkan urutan pengirimannya. Parameter kueri posisi tidak dapat digunakan bersama
Contoh
Kueri ini mengembalikan semua baris di mana -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _04 dan -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField 08 sama dengan nilai yang diteruskan ke kueri ini. Urutan di mana nilai-nilai ini diteruskan dalam masalah. Jika nama belakang dimasukkan terlebih dahulu, diikuti dengan nama depan, hasil yang diharapkan tidak akan dikembalikan
-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 _2Komentar
Komentar adalah urutan karakter yang diabaikan parser. Google Standard SQL mendukung jenis komentar berikut
Komentar baris tunggal
Gunakan komentar satu baris jika Anda ingin komentar muncul di satu baris dengan sendirinya
Contoh
-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 3-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 4-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 5-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 6Komentar sebaris
Gunakan komentar sebaris jika Anda ingin komentar muncul di baris yang sama dengan pernyataan. Komentar yang diawali dengan -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField _09 atau -- Valid. dataField is a valid identifier in a function called foo(). foo().dataField 10 harus muncul di sebelah kanan pernyataan
Contoh
-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 7-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 8-- Valid table path. myproject.mydatabase.mytable287 9-- Valid table path. myproject287.mydatabase.mytable 0Komentar multi baris
Gunakan komentar multibaris jika Anda membutuhkan komentar untuk menjangkau beberapa baris. Komentar multibaris bersarang tidak didukung