Skip to main content This browser is no longer supported. Show
Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. Windows 7 Menus (Design basics)
In this articleNote This design guide was created for Windows 7 and has not been updated for newer versions of Windows. Much of the guidance still applies in principle, but the presentation and examples do not reflect our current design guidance. Menus are hierarchical lists of commands or options available to users in the current context. Drop-down menus are menus displayed on demand on mouse click or hover. They are normally hidden from view and therefore are an efficient means of conserving screen space. A submenu or cascading menu is a secondary menu displayed on demand from within a menu. They are indicated by an arrow at the end of the submenu label. A menu item is an individual command or option within a menu. Menus are often displayed from a menu bar, which is a list of labeled menu categories typically located near the top of a window. By contrast, a context menu drops down when users right-click on an object or window region that supports a context menu. A typical menu bar displaying a drop-down menu and submenu. Usage patternsMenus have several usage patterns:
Is this the right user interface?To decide, consider these questions: Menu barsDo the following conditions apply:
If so, consider using a menu bar. Toolbar menusDo the following conditions apply:
If so, consider using a toolbar menu instead of or in addition to a menu bar. Tab menusDo the following conditions apply:
If so, consider using a tab menu instead of a menu bar. Context menuDo the following conditions apply:
If so, consider providing context menus for the objects and window regions that need them. For browser-based programs, task pane menus are a more common solution for contextual commands. Currently, users expect context menus in browser-based programs to be generic and unhelpful. Task pane menuDo the following conditions apply:
If so, consider using a task pane menu instead of a context menu. Design conceptsEffective menus that promote a good user experience:
If you do only one thing... Choose a command presentation that matches your program type, window types, command usage, and target users. GuidelinesGeneral
Menu bars
In this example, Windows Internet Explorer provides a menu bar option. For more information, see hiding menu bars. Hiding menu barsGenerally, toolbars work great together with menu bars because having both allows each to focus on their strengths without compromise.
Menu categories
In this example, Windows Media Player uses task-oriented menu categories.
In this example, Windows Media Player has Options and Help menu items in each tab menu. Menu item organization and order
Submenus
In this example, the New submenu replaces separate commands for New mail message, New news message, New folder, and New contact.
Presentation
Tab menus
Context menus
In this example, a menu drop-down button is used to make a context menu visible. Menu item organization and order
Presentation
Bullets and checkmarks
Icons
In this example, the Organize menu has icons only for the most commonly used menu items.
For more information and examples, see Icons. Access keys
In this example, the Paint program in Windows assigns numeric access keys to recently used files.
For more guidelines and examples, see Keyboard. Shortcut keys
For more guidelines and standard shortcut key assignments, see Keyboard. Standard menus
Standard menu bars The standard menu bar structure is as follows. This list shows the menu category and item labels, their order with separators, their access and shortcut keys, and their ellipses. File New Ctrl+N 1 Exit Alt+F4 (shortcut usually not given) Edit Undo
Ctrl+Z View Toolbars Tools <separator> Standard toolbar menu buttons The standard toolbar menu buttons are as follows. This list shows the menu category and item labels, their order with separators, their shortcut keys, and their ellipses. Tools Full screenF11(Reassign access key if Find is also used.) Toolbars(Note that the Menu bar command goes here.) <separator> Print... Find... <separator> Zoom Text size <separator> Options Organize New folderCtrl+N <separator> CutCtrl+X CopyCtrl+C PasteCtrl+V <separator> Select allCtrl+A <separator> DeleteDel(shortcut usually not given) Rename <separator> Options Page New windowCtrl+N <separator> Zoom Text sizeStandard context menus The standard context menu contents are as follows. This list shows the menu item labels, their order with separators, their access keys, and their ellipses. Context menus don't show shortcut keys. Open Run Play Edit Print... <separator> Cut Copy Paste <separator> Delete Rename <separator>Lock the Properties Using ellipsesWhile menu commands are used for immediate actions, more information might be needed to perform the action. Indicate a command that needs additional information (including a confirmation) by adding an ellipsis at the end of the label. In this example, the Print... command displays a Print dialog box to gather more information. Proper use of ellipses is important to indicate that users can make further choices before performing the action, or even cancel the action entirely. The visual cue offered by an ellipsis allows users to explore your software without fear. This doesn't mean you should use an ellipsis whenever an action displays another window only when additional information is required to perform the action. For example, the commands About, Advanced, Help, Options, Properties, and Settings must display another window when clicked, but don't require additional information from the user. Therefore they don't need ellipses. In case of ambiguity (for example, the command label lacks a verb), decide based on the most likely user action. If simply viewing the window is a common action, don't use an ellipsis. Correct: More colors... Version information In the first example, users are most likely going to choose a color, so using an ellipses is correct. In the second example, users are most likely going to view the version information, making ellipses unnecessary. Note When determining if a menu command needs an ellipsis, don't use the need to elevate privileges as a factor. Elevation isn't information needed to perform a command (rather, it's for permission) and the need to elevate is indicated with the security shield. Labels
Menu category names
Menu item names
Correct: Incorrect: In the incorrect example, the menu item is based on its technology.
Submenu names
Incorrect: In this example, the New menu item incorrectly has an ellipsis. DocumentationWhen referring to menus:
Examples:
Apa itu yang dimaksud dengan menu bar?MENU BAR adalah sebuah strip horizontal yang berisi daftar menu yang tersedia untuk program tertentu. Dalam program Windows, menu bar berada di bagian atas jendela layar yang terbuka.
Apa itu menu bar dan fungsinya?Menu bar merupakan sebuah bagian yang di dalamnya terdapat berbagai perintah yang digunakan untuk menjalankan fungsi tertentu pada sebuah aplikasi . Bisa juga diartikan bahwa menu bar adalah sebuah strip horizontal yang berisi daftar menu yang tersedia untuk program tertentu.
Apa saja menu bar pada excel?Jawaban ini terverifikasi. Menu File.. Menu Edit.. Menu View.. Menu Insert.. Menu Format.. Menu Tools.. Menu Data.. Menu Window.. |